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| Dataset Title: | [Sargassum recruit-sized growth and survival with conspecifics - figures 5 and 6] - Survival and growth of recruit-sized ramets growing inside or outside Sargassum beds (crowded and isolated conditions, respectively) in the MPA and non-MPA of two villages in Fiji (Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals) 
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| Institution: | BCO-DMO (Dataset ID: bcodmo_dataset_644080) |
| Information: | Summary
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| FGDC
| ISO 19115
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Attributes {
s {
origin_location {
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "combination of the factors origin and location respectively";
String long_name "Origin Location";
String units "unitless";
}
origin {
String bcodmo_name "origin";
String description "where Sargassum fronds were collected for the transplant: MPA = marine protected area; NON-MPA = non-protected area";
String long_name "Origin";
String units "unitless";
}
location {
String bcodmo_name "site";
String description "where Sargassum fronds were transplanted to: MPA = marine protected area; NON-MPA = non-protected area";
String long_name "Location";
String units "unitless";
}
condition {
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "whether transplanted area was empty or crowded with conspecifics: crowded = transplanted recruit surrounded by conspecifics; isolated = transplanted recruit isolated from conspecifics";
String long_name "Condition";
String units "unitless";
}
origin_location_condition {
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description
"combination of the factors origin, location, and condition respectively:
MMcrow = origin MPA - location MPA - condition crowded
MMiso = origin MPA - location MPA - condition isolated
MNcrow = origin MPA - location NON-MPA - condition crowded
MNiso = origin MPA - location NON-MPA - condition isolated
NMcrow = origin NON-MPA - location MPA - condition crowded
NMiso = origin NON-MPA - location MPA - condition isolated
NNcrow = origin NON-MPA - location NON-MPA - condition crowded
NNiso = origin NON-MPA - location NON-MPA - condition isolated";
String long_name "Origin Location Condition";
String units "unitless";
}
village {
String bcodmo_name "site";
String description "village name: VLL = Vatu-o-lailai; VOT = Votua";
String long_name "Village";
String units "unitless";
}
latitude {
String _CoordinateAxisType "Lat";
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 actual_range -18.208, -18.204;
String axis "Y";
String bcodmo_name "latitude";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 90.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum -90.0;
String description "latitude; north is positive";
String ioos_category "Location";
String long_name "Latitude";
String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/";
String standard_name "latitude";
String units "degrees_north";
}
longitude {
String _CoordinateAxisType "Lon";
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 actual_range 177.691, 177.7;
String axis "X";
String bcodmo_name "longitude";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 180.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum -180.0;
String description "longitude; east is positive";
String ioos_category "Location";
String long_name "Longitude";
String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/";
String standard_name "longitude";
String units "degrees_east";
}
tile {
Byte _FillValue 127;
String _Unsigned "false";
Byte actual_range 1, 60;
String bcodmo_name "sample";
String description "identification of the tile to which the recruit was attached to";
String long_name "Tile";
String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/";
String units "integer";
}
mean_height {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range -2.0, 12.3;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "the initial height measurement from each ramet was subtracted from its final; meaning the ramets that died were recorded as negative change. An average final height was calculated from the two sub-samples (the two MPA and two non-MPA ramets) on each tile after 3 months of experiment.";
String long_name "Mean Height";
String units "cm";
}
average_days_survived {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 7.0, 85.0;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "average number of days survived by the two MPA ramets and by the two non-MPA ramets in each tile";
String long_name "Average Days Survived";
String units "days";
}
}
NC_GLOBAL {
String access_formats ".htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson";
String acquisition_description
"[Reference cited below are from Dell et al (2016) Plos One.]
Study site and species:
This study was conducted between January and May in 2013 and 2015 on the
coral coast of Fiji\\u2019s main island, Viti Levu, in the villages of Votua
and Vatu-o-lailai (18\\u00b012\\u201932S, 177\\u00b042\\u201900E and
18\\u00b012\\u201913S, 177\\u00b041\\u201929E respectively; Fig 1). These villages
are ~3km apart and each has jurisdiction over their stretch of reef flat; a
habitat ranging between ~1.5 and 3m deep at high tide and between ~0 and 1.5m
deep at low tide. In 2002, these villages established small areas (0.8km2 in
Votua and 0.5 km2 in Vatu-o-lailai; Fig 1) as no-take MPAs [25]. Though MPA
and non-MPA areas were initially similar in coral and macroalgal cover (33-42%
macroalgal cover; 3-12% coral cover [25]), MPAs now differ significantly from
the adjacent non-MPAs in benthic cover and fish diversity and abundance. MPAs
now have ~56% live coral cover on hard substrate, ~2% macroalgal cover, ~8
fold higher biomass of herbivorous fishes, and higher recruitment of both
fishes and corals than the non-MPAs [5,22]. Meanwhile the non-MPAs have lower
fish biomass, 5-16% live coral cover on hard substrates and 51-92% macroalgal
cover, the majority of which is comprised by Phaeophytes (primarily Sargassum
polycystum C. Agardh [22]). In the MPAs, macroalgal cover is restricted to the
shallowest, most shoreward areas (where access by herbivorous fishes appears
limited), whereas macroalgal cover in the non-MPAs extends throughout the
habitat. Thus, over distances of only a few hundred metres, there are dramatic
differences in community composition that may impact the efficacy of factors
controlling macroalgal populations, without the confounding factors of great
differences in space or time.
Effect of conspecifics, origin and habitat on survival and growth of recruit-
sized ramets
We investigated the effect of conspecifics on the survival and growth of
recruit-sized ramets in conjunction with the effect of origin when ramets were
not protected from herbivory. Because Sargassum beds in the MPAs only exist
near shore and we did not want to confound distance from shore with treatment,
we conducted this experiment at a depth of ~0.5m (at low tide) between ~10m to
20m from shore in both Votua and Vatu-o-lailai (Fig 1).
As in the previous experiment that also used recruit-sized ramets, small algal
recruits (0.5 to 1.5cm tall) were detached from the substrate so that a small
piece of reef substrate remained attached to the alga\\u2019s holdfast and
these rock pieces were affixed to tiles using Ecotech coral glue. Two MPA and
two non-MPA ramets were attached onto each tile in a square pattern 1cm
distance from each other. As before, the ramets were chosen so that the four
on each tile were of equal size and the tiles were arranged so there was
similar size representation of ramets in each treatment. In each location,
tiles were placed within established Sargassum beds (crowded condition) or
placed in open areas (isolated condition) ~2 metres away.
A total of 30 tiles were affixed in the MPA and 30 in the non-MPA within each
village, 15 in crowded and 15 in isolated areas. This design ensured there
were two origins (MPA or non-MPA) and two density conditions (crowded or
isolated) in each of the MPA and non-MPA habitats of both Votua and
Vatu-o-lailai.
The tiles were out-planted at the end of February 2013, monitored every 3 days
for the first month and then weekly for two subsequent months for mortality
and loss. As in the previous tile experiment, if the stone to which the ramet
was attached was missing, those individuals were recorded as lost and excluded
from subsequent analyses. Of the initial 240 ramets deployed in each village,
16 and 15 individuals were lost (6.7% and 6.2%) from Votua and Vatu-o-lailai,
respectively.";
String awards_0_award_nid "480718";
String awards_0_award_number "OCE-0929119";
String awards_0_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0929119";
String awards_0_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
String awards_0_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
String awards_0_funding_source_nid "355";
String awards_0_program_manager "David L. Garrison";
String awards_0_program_manager_nid "50534";
String cdm_data_type "Other";
String comment
"Growth Survey Recruitment Conspecific
Survival and growth of recruit-sized ramets growing inside or outside Sargassum beds
(crowded and isolated conditions, respectively) in the MPA and non-MPA of the two villages
These data were published in Dell et al (2016) PLOS ONE, Figs. 5 & 6
version: 2016-05-02
M. Hay (GA Tech)";
String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3";
String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org";
String creator_name "BCO-DMO";
String creator_type "institution";
String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/";
String data_source "extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019";
String date_created "2016-05-02T16:13:08Z";
String date_modified "2016-05-03T17:26:15Z";
String defaultDataQuery "&time<now";
String doi "10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.644666";
Float64 Easternmost_Easting 177.7;
Float64 geospatial_lat_max -18.204;
Float64 geospatial_lat_min -18.208;
String geospatial_lat_units "degrees_north";
Float64 geospatial_lon_max 177.7;
Float64 geospatial_lon_min 177.691;
String geospatial_lon_units "degrees_east";
String history
"2024-11-23T16:52:36Z (local files)
2024-11-23T16:52:36Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_644080.html";
String infoUrl "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/644080";
String institution "BCO-DMO";
String keywords "average, average_days_survived, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, condition, data, dataset, days, dmo, erddap, height, latitude, longitude, management, mean, mean_height, oceanography, office, origin, origin_location, origin_location_condition, preliminary, survived, tile, village";
String license "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/644080/license";
String metadata_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/644080";
Float64 Northernmost_Northing -18.204;
String param_mapping "{'644080': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}}";
String parameter_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/644080/parameters";
String people_0_affiliation "Georgia Institute of Technology";
String people_0_affiliation_acronym "Georgia Tech";
String people_0_person_name "Mark Hay";
String people_0_person_nid "480720";
String people_0_role "Principal Investigator";
String people_0_role_type "originator";
String people_1_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String people_1_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
String people_1_person_name "Nancy Copley";
String people_1_person_nid "50396";
String people_1_role "BCO-DMO Data Manager";
String people_1_role_type "related";
String project "Killer Seaweeds";
String projects_0_acronym "Killer Seaweeds";
String projects_0_description
"Extracted from the NSF award abstract:
Coral reefs are in dramatic global decline, with reefs commonly converting from species-rich and topographically-complex communities dominated by corals to species- poor and topographically-simplified communities dominated by seaweeds. These phase-shifts result in fundamental loss of ecosystem function. Despite debate about whether coral-to-algal transitions are commonly a primary cause, or simply a consequence, of coral mortality, rigorous field investigation of seaweed-coral competition has received limited attention. There is limited information on how the outcome of seaweed-coral competition varies among species or the relative importance of different competitive mechanisms in facilitating seaweed dominance. In an effort to address this topic, the PI will conduct field experiments in the tropical South Pacific (Fiji) to determine the effects of seaweeds on corals when in direct contact, which seaweeds are most damaging to corals, the role allelopathic lipids that are transferred via contact in producing these effects, the identity and surface concentrations of these metabolites, and the dynamic nature of seaweed metabolite production and coral response following contact. The herbivorous fishes most responsible for controlling allelopathic seaweeds will be identified, the roles of seaweed metabolites in allelopathy vs herbivore deterrence will be studied, and the potential for better managing and conserving critical reef herbivores so as to slow or reverse conversion of coral reef to seaweed meadows will be examined.
Preliminary results indicate that seaweeds may commonly damage corals via lipid- soluble allelochemicals. Such chemically-mediated interactions could kill or damage adult corals and produce the suppression of coral fecundity and recruitment noted by previous investigators and could precipitate positive feedback mechanisms making reef recovery increasingly unlikely as seaweed abundance increases. Chemically-mediated seaweed-coral competition may play a critical role in the degradation of present-day coral reefs. Increasing information on which seaweeds are most aggressive to corals and which herbivores best limit these seaweeds may prove useful in better managing reefs to facilitate resilience and possible recovery despite threats of global-scale stresses. Fiji is well positioned to rapidly use findings from this project for better management of reef resources because it has already erected >260 MPAs, Fijian villagers have already bought-in to the value of MPAs, and the Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) Network is well organized to get information to villagers in a culturally sensitive and useful manner.
The broader impacts of this project are far reaching. The project provides training opportunities for 2-2.5 Ph.D students and 1 undergraduate student each year in the interdisciplinary areas of marine ecology, marine conservation, and marine chemical ecology. Findings from this project will be immediately integrated into classes at Ga Tech and made available throughout Fiji via a foundation and web site that have already set-up to support marine conservation efforts in Fiji and marine education efforts both within Fiji and internationally. Business and community leaders from Atlanta (via Rotary International Service efforts) have been recruited to help organize and fund community service and outreach projects in Fiji -- several of which are likely to involve marine conservation and education based in part on these efforts there. Media outlets (National Geographic, NPR, Animal Planet, Audubon Magazine, etc.) and local Rotary clubs will be used to better disseminate these discoveries to the public.
PUBLICATIONS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH
Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kubanek J, and ME Hay. \"Macroalgal terpenes function as allelopathic agents against reef corals\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 108, 2011, p. 17726.
Beattie AJ, ME Hay, B Magnusson, R de Nys, J Smeathers, JFV Vincent. \"Ecology and bioprospecting,\" Austral Ecology, v.36, 2011, p. 341.
Rasher DB and ME Hay. \"Seaweed allelopathy degrades the resilience and function of coral reefs,\" Communicative and Integrative Biology, v.3, 2010.
Hay ME, Rasher DB. \"Corals in crisis,\" The Scientist, v.24, 2010, p. 42.
Hay ME and DB Rasher. \"Coral reefs in crisis: reversing the biotic death spiral,\" Faculty 1000 Biology Reports 2010, v.2, 2010.
Rasher DB and ME Hay. \"Chemically rich seaweeds poison corals when not controlled by herbivores\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v.107, 2010, p. 9683.";
String projects_0_end_date "2014-08";
String projects_0_geolocation "Viti Levu, Fiji (18º13.049’S, 177º42.968’E)";
String projects_0_name "Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals";
String projects_0_project_nid "480717";
String projects_0_start_date "2009-09";
String publisher_name "Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)";
String publisher_type "institution";
String sourceUrl "(local files)";
Float64 Southernmost_Northing -18.208;
String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v55";
String summary
"Survival and growth of recruit-sized ramets of Sargassum polycystum growing
inside or outside Sargassum beds (crowded and isolated conditions,
respectively) in protected and non-protected areas (MPA and non-MPA,
respectively) in two villages in Fiji.
Growth was obtained using the initial height measurement from each ramet and
subtracting it from its final height, meaning the ramets that died were
recorded as negative change. An average final height was calculated from two
sub-samples (the two MPA and two non-MPA ramets) on each tile after 3 months
of experiment. Survival was the average number of days survived by the two MPA
ramets and by the two non-MPA ramets in each tile Details in Dell et al. 2016
Plos One.
Related Reference:
Dell, C., Longo, G.O., Hay, M.E. (2016) Positive feedbacks enhance
macroalgal resilience on Degraded Coral Reefs. Plos One.
Related Datasets:
[Sargassum mature growth - figure 2](\\\\http://www.bco-
dmo.org/dataset/643915\\\\)
[Sargassum recruit-sized survival - figure 3](\\\\http://www.bco-
dmo.org/dataset/644035\\\\)
[Sargassum mature growth conspecific - figure 4](\\\\http://www.bco-
dmo.org/dataset/644062\\\\)";
String title "[Sargassum recruit-sized growth and survival with conspecifics - figures 5 and 6] - Survival and growth of recruit-sized ramets growing inside or outside Sargassum beds (crowded and isolated conditions, respectively) in the MPA and non-MPA of two villages in Fiji (Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals)";
String version "1";
Float64 Westernmost_Easting 177.691;
String xml_source "osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3";
}
}
Data Access Protocol (DAP) and its
selection constraints.
The URL specifies what you want: the dataset, a description of the graph or the subset of the data, and the file type for the response.
Tabledap request URLs must be in the form
https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/tabledap/datasetID.fileType{?query}
For example,
https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/tabledap/pmelTaoDySst.htmlTable?longitude,latitude,time,station,wmo_platform_code,T_25&time>=2015-05-23T12:00:00Z&time<=2015-05-31T12:00:00Z
Thus, the query is often a comma-separated list of desired variable names,
followed by a collection of
constraints (e.g., variable<value),
each preceded by '&' (which is interpreted as "AND").
For details, see the tabledap Documentation.