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Dataset Title:	[Log_Kd] - Partition coefficient of 234Th, 233Pa, 210Pb, 210Po, and 7Be (Biopolymers as carrier phases for selected natural radionuclides (of Th, Pa, Pb, Po, Be) in diatoms and coccolithophores)
Institution:	BCO-DMO (Dataset ID: bcodmo_dataset_764664)
Information:	Summary \| License \| ISO 19115 \| Metadata \| Background \| Files \| Make a graph

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Variable	Minimum	Maximum
Particle_type (unitless)	"Cell_Si+"	"SiO2"
Be (kilogram per liter (kg/L))	4.93	7.23
Be_sd (kilogram per liter (kg/L))	0.01	0.11
Pa (kilogram per liter (kg/L))	5.23	6.71
Pa_sd (kilogram per liter (kg/L))	0.0	0.16
Th (kilogram per liter (kg/L))	4.78	6.69
Th_sd (kilogram per liter (kg/L))	0.01	0.17
Po (kilogram per liter (kg/L))	4.47	4.92
Po_sd (kilogram per liter (kg/L))	0.01	0.11
Pb (kilogram per liter (kg/L))	4.44	5.86
Pb_sd (kilogram per liter (kg/L))	0.03	0.13

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The Dataset Attribute Structure (.das) for this Dataset

Attributes {
 s {
  Particle_type {
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "radionuclide type";
    String long_name "Particle Type";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  Be {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 4.93, 7.23;
    String bcodmo_name "radioactive_isotope_conc";
    String description "activity concentration of Be as traditional partition coefficients";
    String long_name "Be";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/WRAD/";
    String units "kilogram per liter (kg/L)";
  }
  Be_sd {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.01, 0.11;
    String bcodmo_name "radioactive_isotope_conc";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
    String description "Standard deviation of Be activity concentration as traditional partition coefficients";
    String long_name "Be Sd";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/WRAD/";
    String units "kilogram per liter (kg/L)";
  }
  Pa {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 5.23, 6.71;
    String bcodmo_name "radioactive_isotope_conc";
    String description "activity concentration of Pa as traditional partition coefficients";
    String long_name "Pa";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/WRAD/";
    String units "kilogram per liter (kg/L)";
  }
  Pa_sd {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 0.16;
    String bcodmo_name "radioactive_isotope_conc";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
    String description "Standard deviation of Pa activity concentration as traditional partition coefficients";
    String long_name "Pa Sd";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/WRAD/";
    String units "kilogram per liter (kg/L)";
  }
  Th {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 4.78, 6.69;
    String bcodmo_name "radioactive_isotope_conc";
    String description "activity concentration of Th as traditional partition coefficients";
    String long_name "TH";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/WRAD/";
    String units "kilogram per liter (kg/L)";
  }
  Th_sd {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.01, 0.17;
    String bcodmo_name "radioactive_isotope_conc";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
    String description "Standard deviation of Th activity concentration as traditional partition coefficients";
    String long_name "TH SD";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/WRAD/";
    String units "kilogram per liter (kg/L)";
  }
  Po {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 4.47, 4.92;
    String bcodmo_name "radioactive_isotope_conc";
    String description "activity concentration of Po as traditional partition coefficients";
    String long_name "Po";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/WRAD/";
    String units "kilogram per liter (kg/L)";
  }
  Po_sd {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.01, 0.11;
    String bcodmo_name "radioactive_isotope_conc";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
    String description "Standard deviation of Po activity concentration as traditional partition coefficients";
    String long_name "Po Sd";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/WRAD/";
    String units "kilogram per liter (kg/L)";
  }
  Pb {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 4.44, 5.86;
    String bcodmo_name "radioactive_isotope_conc";
    String description "activity concentration of Pb as traditional partition coefficients";
    String long_name "PB";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/WRAD/";
    String units "kilogram per liter (kg/L)";
  }
  Pb_sd {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.03, 0.13;
    String bcodmo_name "radioactive_isotope_conc";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
    String description "Standard deviation of Pb activity concentration as traditional partition coefficients";
    String long_name "PB SD";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/WRAD/";
    String units "kilogram per liter (kg/L)";
  }
 }
  NC_GLOBAL {
    String access_formats ".htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv";
    String acquisition_description 
"\\u00a0
 
Partition coefficient of 234Th, 233Pa, 210Pb, 210Po, and 7Be  
 Activity concentrations of 234Th, 233Pa, 210Pb, 210Po, and 7Be were measured
by gamma counting the 63.5, 312, 46.5, and 477.6 keV lines, respectively, on a
Canberra ultra-highpurity germanium well-type detector. The 210Po activity was
analyzed by liquid scintillation counting (Beckman Model 8100 Liquid
Scintillation Counter). The filter samples (> 0.2 um particulate phase) were
soaked with 1 mol L-1 HCl for 20 min in a counting vial, and the filtrate
samples (< 0.2 um dissolved phase) were transferred into counting vials
directly. Both filter and filtrate samples were then counted for activities of
each radionuclide. All reported activities were decay and geometry corrected.
233Pa was added in equilibrium with 237Np. Under a wide range of environmental
conditions, aqueous neptunium speciation is believed to be dominated by the
pentavalent cation NpO2+. Np(V) is relative soluble and tends to remain in the
water phase, unlike other actinides, such as Pu and Am, which are readily
adsorbed by particles in the environment (Atwood 2013). In our absorption
experiments, 237Np activities could be found only in the dissolved phase for
all samples, supporting the assumption that 237Np would not adsorb onto
particles during the time for which decay and in-growth corrections of 233Pa
were applied. Traditional partition coefficients (Kd) between dissolved and
particulate phases were used to quantify the sorption of radionuclides onto
different particles in different experimental systems. Kd was defined here as
 
Kd = Ap x (Ad x Cp)^-1\\u00a0 \\u00a0 \\u00a0 \\u00a0 \\u00a0 \\u00a0(1)
 
where Ap and Ad represent particulate and dissolved activities (Bq L-1) of
radionuclides and Cp is the particle concentration (kg L-1; Honeyman and
Santschi 1989; Guo and Santschi 1997).";
    String awards_0_award_nid "735995";
    String awards_0_award_number "OCE-1356453";
    String awards_0_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1356453";
    String awards_0_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
    String awards_0_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
    String awards_0_funding_source_nid "355";
    String awards_0_program_manager "Henrietta N Edmonds";
    String awards_0_program_manager_nid "51517";
    String cdm_data_type "Other";
    String comment 
"Partition coefficient of 234Th, 233Pa, 210Pb, 210Po, and 7Be 
  PI: Peter H. Santschi 
  Version: 2019-04-10";
    String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3";
    String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org";
    String creator_name "BCO-DMO";
    String creator_type "institution";
    String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/";
    String data_source "extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019";
    String date_created "2019-04-10T17:32:05Z";
    String date_modified "2019-04-11T20:01:18Z";
    String defaultDataQuery "&amp;time&lt;now";
    String doi "10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.764664.1";
    String history 
"2024-12-21T15:05:41Z (local files)
2024-12-21T15:05:41Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_764664.html";
    String infoUrl "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/764664";
    String institution "BCO-DMO";
    String instruments_0_acronym "LSC";
    String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description "The 210Po activity was analyzed by liquid scintillation counting (Beckman Model 8100 Liquid Scintillation Counter).";
    String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid "764686";
    String instruments_0_description "Liquid scintillation counting is an analytical technique which is defined by the incorporation of the radiolabeled analyte into uniform distribution with a liquid chemical medium capable of converting the kinetic energy of nuclear emissions into light energy. Although the liquid scintillation counter is a sophisticated laboratory counting system used the quantify the activity of particulate emitting (ß and a) radioactive samples, it can also detect the auger electrons emitted from 51Cr and 125I samples.";
    String instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB21/";
    String instruments_0_instrument_name "Liquid Scintillation Counter";
    String instruments_0_instrument_nid "624";
    String instruments_0_supplied_name "Beckman Model 8100 Liquid Scintillation Counter";
    String instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description "For IEF (isoelectric focusing electrophoresis), a Pharmacia Biotech Multiphor II with a EPS3500 XL power supply was used.";
    String instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid "764672";
    String instruments_1_description "General term for an apparatus used in clinical and research laboratories to separate charged colloidal particles (or molecules) of varying size through a medium by applying an electric field.";
    String instruments_1_instrument_name "Electrophoresis Chamber";
    String instruments_1_instrument_nid "471592";
    String instruments_1_supplied_name "Pharmacia Biotech Multiphor II";
    String instruments_2_dataset_instrument_description 
"Activity concentrations of 234Th, 233Pa, 210Pb, 210Po, and 7Be were measured by gamma counting the 63.5, 312, 46.5, and 477.6 keV lines, respectively, on a Canberra ultra-highpurity
germanium well-type detector.";
    String instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid "764687";
    String instruments_2_description "Instruments measuring the relative levels of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the gamma-ray waveband.";
    String instruments_2_instrument_name "Gamma Ray Spectrometer";
    String instruments_2_instrument_nid "670659";
    String instruments_2_supplied_name "Canberra ultra-highpurity germanium well-type detector";
    String keywords "bco, bco-dmo, Be_sd, biological, chemical, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, management, oceanography, office, Pa_sd, particle, Particle_type, Pb_sd, Po_sd, preliminary, Th_sd, type";
    String license "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/764664/license";
    String metadata_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/764664";
    String param_mapping "{'764664': {}}";
    String parameter_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/764664/parameters";
    String people_0_affiliation "Texas A&M, Galveston";
    String people_0_affiliation_acronym "TAMUG";
    String people_0_person_name "Peter Santschi";
    String people_0_person_nid "735998";
    String people_0_role "Principal Investigator";
    String people_0_role_type "originator";
    String people_1_affiliation "Texas A&M, Galveston";
    String people_1_affiliation_acronym "TAMUG";
    String people_1_person_name "Antonietta Quigg";
    String people_1_person_nid "736000";
    String people_1_role "Co-Principal Investigator";
    String people_1_role_type "originator";
    String people_2_affiliation "Texas A&M, Galveston";
    String people_2_affiliation_acronym "TAMUG";
    String people_2_person_name "Kathleen Schwehr";
    String people_2_person_nid "736002";
    String people_2_role "Co-Principal Investigator";
    String people_2_role_type "originator";
    String people_3_affiliation "Texas A&M, Galveston";
    String people_3_affiliation_acronym "TAMUG";
    String people_3_person_name "Chen Xu";
    String people_3_person_nid "736004";
    String people_3_role "Co-Principal Investigator";
    String people_3_role_type "originator";
    String people_4_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
    String people_4_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
    String people_4_person_name "Mathew Biddle";
    String people_4_person_nid "708682";
    String people_4_role "BCO-DMO Data Manager";
    String people_4_role_type "related";
    String project "Biopolymers for radionuclides";
    String projects_0_acronym "Biopolymers for radionuclides";
    String projects_0_description 
"NSF Award Abstract:
Particle-associated natural radioisotopes are transported to the ocean floor mostly via silica and carbonate ballasted particles, allowing their use as tracers for particle transport. Th(IV), Pa (IV,V), Po(IV), Pb(II) and Be(II) radionuclides are important proxies in oceanographic investigations, used for tracing particle and colloid cycling, estimating export fluxes of particulate organic carbon, tracing air-sea exchange, paleoproductivity, and/or ocean circulation in paleoceanographic studies. Even though tracer approaches are considered routine, there are cases where data interpretation or validity has become controversial, largely due to uncertainties about inorganic proxies and organic carrier molecules. Recent studies showed that cleaned diatom frustules and pure silica particles, sorb natural radionuclides to a much lower extent (by 1-2 orders of magnitude) than whole diatom cells (with or without shells). Phytoplankton that build siliceous or calcareous shells, such as the diatoms and coccolithophores, are assembled via bio-mineralization processes using biopolymers as nanoscale templates. These templates could serve as possible carriers for radionuclides and stable metals.
In this project, a research team at the Texas A & M University at Galveston hypothesize that radionuclide sorption is controlled by selective biopolymers that are associated with biogenic opal (diatoms), CaCO3 (coccolithophores) and the attached exopolymeric substances (EPS), rather than to pure mineral phase. To pursue this idea, the major objectives of their research will include separation, identification and molecular-level characterization of the individual biopolymers (e.g., polysaccharides, uronic acids, proteins, hydroquinones, hydroxamate siderophores, etc.) that are responsible for binding different radionuclides (Th, Pa, Pb, Po and Be) attached to cells or in the matrix of biogenic opal or CaCO3 as well as attached EPS mixture, in laboratory grown diatom and coccolithophore cultures. Laboratory-scale radiolabeling experiments will be conducted, and different separation techniques and characterization techniques will be applied.
Intellectual Merit : It is expected that this study will help elucidate the molecular basis of the templated growth of diatoms and coccoliths, EPS and their role in scavenging natural radionuclides in the ocean, and help resolve debates on the oceanographic tracer applications of different natural radioisotopes (230,234Th, 231Pa, 210Po, 210Pb and 7,10Be). The proposed interdisciplinary research project will require instrumental approaches for molecular-level characterization of these radionuclides associated carrier molecules.
Broader Impacts: The results of this study will be relevant for understanding biologically mediated ocean scavenging of radionuclides by diatoms and coccoliths which is important for carbon cycling in the ocean, and will contribute to improved interpretation of data obtained by field studies especially through the GEOTRACES program. This new program will enhance training programs at TAMUG for postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students. Lastly, results will be integrated in college courses and out-reach activities at Texas A&M University, including NSF-REU, Sea Camp, Elder Hostel and exhibits at the local science fair and interaction with its after-school program engaging Grade 9-12 students from groups traditionally underrepresented.";
    String projects_0_end_date "2018-02";
    String projects_0_name "Biopolymers as carrier phases for selected natural radionuclides (of Th, Pa, Pb, Po, Be) in diatoms and coccolithophores";
    String projects_0_project_nid "735996";
    String projects_0_start_date "2014-03";
    String publisher_name "Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)";
    String publisher_type "institution";
    String sourceUrl "(local files)";
    String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v55";
    String summary "Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the sorption of selected radionuclides (234Th, 233Pa, 210Po, 210Pb, and 7Be) onto inorganic (pure silica and acid-cleaned diatom frustules) and organic (diatom cells with or without silica frustules) particles in natural seawater and the role of templating biomolecules and exopolymeric substances (EPS) extracted from the same species of diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, in the sorption process. The range of partition coefficients (Kd, reported as logKd) of radionuclides between water and the different particle types was 4.78\\u20136.69 for 234Th, 5.23\\u20136.71 for 233Pa, 4.44\\u20135.86 for 210Pb, 4.47\\u20134.92 for 210Po, and 4.93\\u20137.23 for 7Be, similar to values reported for lab and field determinations. The sorption of all radionuclides was significantly enhanced in the presence of organic matter associated with particles, resulting in Kd one to two orders of magnitude higher than for inorganic particles only, with highest values for 7Be (logKd of 7.2). Results further indicate that EPS and frustule-embedded biomolecules in diatom cells are responsible for the sorption enhancement rather than the silica shell itself. By separating radiolabeled EPS via isoelectric focusing, we found that isoelectric points are radionuclide specific, suggesting that each radionuclide binds to specific biopolymeric functional groups, with the most efficient binding sites likely occurring in acid polysaccharides, iron hydroxides, and proteins. Further progress in evaluating the effects of diatom frustule\\u2013related biopolymers on binding, scavenging, and fractionation of radionuclides would require the application of molecular-level characterization techniques.";
    String title "[Log_Kd] - Partition coefficient of 234Th, 233Pa, 210Pb, 210Po, and 7Be (Biopolymers as carrier phases for selected natural radionuclides (of Th, Pa, Pb, Po, Be) in diatoms and coccolithophores)";
    String version "1";
    String xml_source "osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3";
  }
}

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