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| Dataset Title: | [Partition_coefficients_for_COC] - Partition coefficients of the radionuclide into colloidal organic matter from seawater of the west Pacific Ocean and the northern Gulf of Mexico (Biopolymers as carrier phases for selected natural radionuclides (of Th, Pa, Pb, Po, Be) in diatoms and coccolithophores) 
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| Institution: | BCO-DMO (Dataset ID: bcodmo_dataset_764780) |
| Information: | Summary
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Attributes {
s {
compound_for_ratio {
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "compound used in the ratio for ratio_to_OC_pcnt";
String long_name "Compound For Ratio";
String units "unitless";
}
ratio_to_OC_pcnt {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.02, 2.04;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Carbon normalized ratio of the compound in compound_for_ratio repreented as a percent";
String long_name "Ratio To OC Pcnt";
String units "unitless (percent)";
}
LogK_radionuclide {
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "the radionuclide for the partition coefficient";
String long_name "Log K Radionuclide";
String units "unitless";
}
LogK {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 4.49, 6.01;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "partition coefficient of the radionuclide in LogK_radionuclide";
String long_name "Log K";
String units "logKc";
}
calculation_type {
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "the procedure for calculating LogK";
String long_name "Calculation Type";
String units "unitless";
}
}
NC_GLOBAL {
String access_formats ".htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv";
String acquisition_description
"Activity concentrations of 234Th, 233Pa, 210Pb, and 7Be were measured by
counting the gamma decay energies at 63.5 keV, 312 keV, 46.5 keV, and 477.6
keV, respectively, on a Canberra ultrahigh purity germanium well detector. The
210Po activity was analyzed by liquid scintillation counting (Beckman Model
8100 Liquid Scintillation Counter).
Concentrations of total carbohydrate (TCHO) were determined by the TPTZ (2, 4,
6-tripyridyl-s-triazine) method using glucose as the standard and [Hung and
Santschi, 2001]. Protein content was determined using a modified Lowry protein
assay, using bovine serum albumin as the standard (Pierce, Thermo
Scientific).\\u00a0
Elemental contents of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), were determined by a Perkin
Elmer CHN 2400 analyzer, using cysteine (29.99% C, 11.67% N) as a
standard.\\u00a0
In order to examine the specific binding ligands to five different
radionuclides in the marine colloids and diatom culture-derived EPS,
radiolabeled biopolymers (E1, E3, C9 and C11; suitable due to their high OC
content and available sample amount) were subjected to Isoelectric Focusing
(IEF) separation with a Gel Electrophoresis apparatus (Amersham Biosciences,
Multiphor Electrophoresis System). Briefly, radiolabeled biopolymers and a 140
\\u03bcL of rehydration solution were loaded onto an IPG strip (GE Healthcare
Immobiline\\u2122 Drystrip, pH 3\\u201310, 11 cm) and were re-swelled overnight.
Afterwards, the strip was loaded into the device for isoelectric focusing for
17.5 h. The strip was then cut into eleven 1 cm-pieces and followed by 1% SDS
extraction overnight. Activity concentrations of the five radionuclides in
each fraction
were subsequently analyzed. Due to the limited amount of each strip
fraction, only selected chemical components (TCHO, Proteins and Fe) in
individual fractions were characterized by methods described above. To avoid
any interference from any background contamination, SDS extractants underwent
diafiltration (desalting) using 1 kDa cutoff Microsep\\u2122 centrifugal
devices (Pall Life Sciences) using ultra pure Milli-Q water for at least three
times.
\\u00a0";
String awards_0_award_nid "735995";
String awards_0_award_number "OCE-1356453";
String awards_0_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1356453";
String awards_0_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
String awards_0_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
String awards_0_funding_source_nid "355";
String awards_0_program_manager "Henrietta N Edmonds";
String awards_0_program_manager_nid "51517";
String cdm_data_type "Other";
String comment
"The partition coefficients of the radionuclide into colloidal organic matter, logKc values.
PI: Peter H. Santschi
Version: 2019-04-11";
String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3";
String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org";
String creator_name "BCO-DMO";
String creator_type "institution";
String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/";
String data_source "extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019";
String date_created "2019-04-11T15:30:02Z";
String date_modified "2019-04-11T19:55:18Z";
String defaultDataQuery "&time<now";
String doi "10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.764780.1";
String history
"2024-11-21T12:02:42Z (local files)
2024-11-21T12:02:42Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_764780.html";
String infoUrl "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/764780";
String institution "BCO-DMO";
String instruments_0_acronym "CHN_EA";
String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description "Elemental contents of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), were determined by a Perkin Elmer CHN 2400 analyzer, using cysteine (29.99% C, 11.67% N) as a standard.";
String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid "764856";
String instruments_0_description "A CHN Elemental Analyzer is used for the determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content in organic and other types of materials, including solids, liquids, volatile, and viscous samples.";
String instruments_0_instrument_name "CHN Elemental Analyzer";
String instruments_0_instrument_nid "625";
String instruments_0_supplied_name "Perkin Elmer CHN 2400 analyzer";
String instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description "In order to examine the specific binding ligands to five different radionuclides in the marine colloids and diatom culture-derived EPS, radiolabeled biopolymers (E1, E3, C9 and C11; suitable due to their high OC content and available sample amount) were subjected to Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) separation with a Gel Electrophoresis apparatus (Amersham Biosciences, Multiphor Electrophoresis System).";
String instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid "764857";
String instruments_1_description "General term for an apparatus used in clinical and research laboratories to separate charged colloidal particles (or molecules) of varying size through a medium by applying an electric field.";
String instruments_1_instrument_name "Electrophoresis Chamber";
String instruments_1_instrument_nid "471592";
String instruments_1_supplied_name "Amersham Biosciences, Multiphor Electrophoresis System";
String keywords "bco, bco-dmo, biological, calculation, calculation_type, chemical, compound, compound_for_ratio, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, log, LogK, LogK_radionuclide, management, oceanography, office, pcnt, preliminary, radionuclide, ratio, ratio_to_OC_pcnt, type";
String license "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/764780/license";
String metadata_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/764780";
String param_mapping "{'764780': {}}";
String parameter_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/764780/parameters";
String people_0_affiliation "Texas A&M, Galveston";
String people_0_affiliation_acronym "TAMUG";
String people_0_person_name "Peter Santschi";
String people_0_person_nid "735998";
String people_0_role "Principal Investigator";
String people_0_role_type "originator";
String people_1_affiliation "Texas A&M, Galveston";
String people_1_affiliation_acronym "TAMUG";
String people_1_person_name "Antonietta Quigg";
String people_1_person_nid "736000";
String people_1_role "Co-Principal Investigator";
String people_1_role_type "originator";
String people_2_affiliation "Texas A&M, Galveston";
String people_2_affiliation_acronym "TAMUG";
String people_2_person_name "Kathleen Schwehr";
String people_2_person_nid "736002";
String people_2_role "Co-Principal Investigator";
String people_2_role_type "originator";
String people_3_affiliation "Texas A&M, Galveston";
String people_3_affiliation_acronym "TAMUG";
String people_3_person_name "Chen Xu";
String people_3_person_nid "736004";
String people_3_role "Co-Principal Investigator";
String people_3_role_type "originator";
String people_4_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String people_4_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
String people_4_person_name "Mathew Biddle";
String people_4_person_nid "708682";
String people_4_role "BCO-DMO Data Manager";
String people_4_role_type "related";
String project "Biopolymers for radionuclides";
String projects_0_acronym "Biopolymers for radionuclides";
String projects_0_description
"NSF Award Abstract:
Particle-associated natural radioisotopes are transported to the ocean floor mostly via silica and carbonate ballasted particles, allowing their use as tracers for particle transport. Th(IV), Pa (IV,V), Po(IV), Pb(II) and Be(II) radionuclides are important proxies in oceanographic investigations, used for tracing particle and colloid cycling, estimating export fluxes of particulate organic carbon, tracing air-sea exchange, paleoproductivity, and/or ocean circulation in paleoceanographic studies. Even though tracer approaches are considered routine, there are cases where data interpretation or validity has become controversial, largely due to uncertainties about inorganic proxies and organic carrier molecules. Recent studies showed that cleaned diatom frustules and pure silica particles, sorb natural radionuclides to a much lower extent (by 1-2 orders of magnitude) than whole diatom cells (with or without shells). Phytoplankton that build siliceous or calcareous shells, such as the diatoms and coccolithophores, are assembled via bio-mineralization processes using biopolymers as nanoscale templates. These templates could serve as possible carriers for radionuclides and stable metals.
In this project, a research team at the Texas A & M University at Galveston hypothesize that radionuclide sorption is controlled by selective biopolymers that are associated with biogenic opal (diatoms), CaCO3 (coccolithophores) and the attached exopolymeric substances (EPS), rather than to pure mineral phase. To pursue this idea, the major objectives of their research will include separation, identification and molecular-level characterization of the individual biopolymers (e.g., polysaccharides, uronic acids, proteins, hydroquinones, hydroxamate siderophores, etc.) that are responsible for binding different radionuclides (Th, Pa, Pb, Po and Be) attached to cells or in the matrix of biogenic opal or CaCO3 as well as attached EPS mixture, in laboratory grown diatom and coccolithophore cultures. Laboratory-scale radiolabeling experiments will be conducted, and different separation techniques and characterization techniques will be applied.
Intellectual Merit : It is expected that this study will help elucidate the molecular basis of the templated growth of diatoms and coccoliths, EPS and their role in scavenging natural radionuclides in the ocean, and help resolve debates on the oceanographic tracer applications of different natural radioisotopes (230,234Th, 231Pa, 210Po, 210Pb and 7,10Be). The proposed interdisciplinary research project will require instrumental approaches for molecular-level characterization of these radionuclides associated carrier molecules.
Broader Impacts: The results of this study will be relevant for understanding biologically mediated ocean scavenging of radionuclides by diatoms and coccoliths which is important for carbon cycling in the ocean, and will contribute to improved interpretation of data obtained by field studies especially through the GEOTRACES program. This new program will enhance training programs at TAMUG for postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students. Lastly, results will be integrated in college courses and out-reach activities at Texas A&M University, including NSF-REU, Sea Camp, Elder Hostel and exhibits at the local science fair and interaction with its after-school program engaging Grade 9-12 students from groups traditionally underrepresented.";
String projects_0_end_date "2018-02";
String projects_0_name "Biopolymers as carrier phases for selected natural radionuclides (of Th, Pa, Pb, Po, Be) in diatoms and coccolithophores";
String projects_0_project_nid "735996";
String projects_0_start_date "2014-03";
String publisher_name "Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)";
String publisher_type "institution";
String sourceUrl "(local files)";
String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v55";
String summary "To study the binding mechanisms of radionuclides to organic moieties in colloidal organic matter (COM),marine colloids (1 kDa\\u20130.2 \\u03bcm) were isolated by cross-flow ultrafiltration from seawater of the west Pacific Ocean and the northern Gulf of Mexico. For the same purpose, exopolymeric substances (EPS) produced by laboratory cultured diatoms were collected as well. In our study areas, colloidal organic carbon (COC) concentrations ranged from 6.5 to 202 \\u03bcg-C/L in the Pacific Ocean, and were 808 \\u03bcg-C/L in the Gulf of Mexico. The COM compositions (organic carbon, organic nitrogen, proteins, total hydrolysable amino acids, total polysaccharides, uronic acids, hydroxamate siderophores, hydroquinone) were quantified to examine the relationships between partition coefficients (Kc) of five different radionuclides, 234Th, 233Pa, 210Pb, 210Po and 7Be, and concentration ratios to COC of individual chelating biomolecules that could potentially act as a chelating moiety. The range of partition coefficients (Kc, reported as logKc) of radionuclides between water and the different colloidal materials was 5.12 to 5.85 for 234Th, 5.19 to 6.01 for 233Pa, 4.21 to 4.85 for 210Pb, 4.87 to 5.68 for 210Po, and 4.49 to 4.92 for 7Be, similar to values previously reported for lab and field determinations under different particle concentrations. While any relationship obtained between Kc and abundance of specific moieties could not be taken as proving the existence of colloidal organic binding ligands for the different radionuclides, it could suggest possible organic moieties involved in the scavenging of these natural radionuclides. Together with results from isoelectric focusing of radiolabeled COM, we conclude that binding to different biomolecules is nuclide-specific, with colloidal hydroxamate siderophoric moieties being important for the binding of Th and Pa radionuclides. Hydroquinones/ quinone (HQ/Q) facilitated redox and chelation reactions seem to be involved in the binding of Pa and Be. However, the actual mechanisms are not clear. Individual amino acids, proteins, total polysaccharides and uronic acids did not yield significant relationships with logKc values of the different radionuclides. Nonetheless, our results provide new insights into the relative importance of different potential ligand moieties in COM in the binding and possible scavenging of specific radionuclides in the ocean.";
String title "[Partition_coefficients_for_COC] - Partition coefficients of the radionuclide into colloidal organic matter from seawater of the west Pacific Ocean and the northern Gulf of Mexico (Biopolymers as carrier phases for selected natural radionuclides (of Th, Pa, Pb, Po, Be) in diatoms and coccolithophores)";
String version "1";
String xml_source "osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3";
}
}
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