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| Dataset Title: | [Thread mechanics] - Lab study on the effect of temperature and pCO2 on mussel byssal attachment (thread mechanics) with mussels collected in May 2012 from Argyle Creek, San Juan Island, WA (48.52˚ N, 123.01˚ W) (Effects of Ocean Acidification on Coastal Organisms: An Ecomaterials Perspective) 
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| Institution: | BCO-DMO (Dataset ID: bcodmo_dataset_773556) |
| Information: | Summary
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| ISO 19115
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Attributes {
s {
Mussel_ID {
String bcodmo_name "sample";
String description "Mussel sample identifier";
String long_name "Mussel ID";
String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/";
String units "unitless";
}
Temp {
Byte _FillValue 127;
String _Unsigned "false";
Byte actual_range 10, 25;
String bcodmo_name "temperature";
String description "Temperature";
String long_name "Temperature";
String units "degrees Celcius (°C)";
}
pH {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 7.3, 8.2;
String bcodmo_name "pH";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 9.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 7.0;
String description "pH (total scale)";
String long_name "Sea Water Ph Reported On Total Scale";
String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PHXXZZXX/";
String units "unitless";
}
pCO2_Target {
Int16 _FillValue 32767;
Int16 actual_range 400, 2500;
String bcodmo_name "pCO2";
String description "Target pCO2 level";
String long_name "P CO2 Target";
String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PCO2C101/";
String units "microatmosphere (uatm)";
}
Treatment_ID {
String bcodmo_name "treatment";
String description "Treatment identifier";
String long_name "Treatment ID";
String units "unitless";
}
Trial {
Byte _FillValue 127;
String _Unsigned "false";
Byte actual_range 1, 3;
String bcodmo_name "exp_id";
String description "Trial identifier";
String long_name "Trial";
String units "unitless";
}
GI {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 actual_range 0.038091252, 0.336448598;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Gonad Index";
String long_name "GI";
String units "unitless";
}
CI {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 1.30609e-6, 6.6623e-6;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Condition Index";
String long_name "CI";
String units "gram per cubic millimeter (g/mm^3)";
}
Distal_Diam {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.01, 0.163;
String bcodmo_name "diameter";
String description "Thread distal region diameter";
String long_name "Distal Diam";
String units "millimeter (mm)";
}
Prox_Major {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.058, 0.251;
String bcodmo_name "length";
String description "Thread proximal region major axis length";
String long_name "Prox Major";
String units "millimeter (mm)";
}
Prox_Minor {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.009, 0.096;
String bcodmo_name "length";
String description "Thread proximal region minor axis length";
String long_name "Prox Minor";
String units "millimeter (mm)";
}
Yield {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.03507, 0.2846;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Thread yield force";
String long_name "Yield";
String units "Newton (N)";
}
Location {
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Thread failure location";
String long_name "Location";
String units "unitless";
}
Breaking_Ext {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 1.06652, 25.4832;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Thread breaking extension";
String long_name "Breaking Ext";
String units "millimeter (mm)";
}
Breaking_Force {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.01569, 0.36793;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Thread breaking force";
String long_name "Breaking Force";
String units "Newton (N)";
}
Plaque_Force {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.01569, 0.42804;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Thread plaque breaking force";
String long_name "Plaque Force";
String units "Newton (N)";
}
Proximal_Force {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.00509, 0.44671;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Thread proximal region breaking force";
String long_name "Proximal Force";
String units "Newton (N)";
}
Distal_Force {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range -0.00138, 0.66441;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Thread distal region breaking force";
String long_name "Distal Force";
String units "Newton (N)";
}
Breaking_Stress {
Int32 _FillValue 2147483647;
Int32 actual_range 2690000, 414000000;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Thread breaking strength";
String long_name "Breaking Stress";
String units "Newton per square millimeter (N/mm^2)";
}
Youngs_Mod {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.05746, 1.91246;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Thread Youngs modulus";
String long_name "Youngs Mod";
String units "Newton per square millimeter (N/mm^2)";
}
Thread_Stiffness {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.038, 1.596;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Thread stiffness";
String long_name "Thread Stiffness";
String units "Newton per square millimeter (N/mm^2)";
}
Thread_Ext {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.112, 1.228;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Thread extensibility";
String long_name "Thread Ext";
String units "unitless";
}
}
NC_GLOBAL {
String access_formats ".htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv";
String acquisition_description
"Mussels (M. trossulus) were collected in May 2012 from Argyle Creek, San Juan
Island, WA (48.52\\u02da N, 123.01\\u02da W) and held in a mesh box submerged
under the dock at Friday Harbor Laboratories (FHL), San Juan Island, WA for up
to 14 d. Mussels were placed in experimental mesocosms in the Ocean
Acidification Experimental Laboratory (OAEL) at FHL as described in
O\\u2019Donnell et al. (2013) and Timmins-Schiffman et al. (2012). Briefly,
manipulations of pH were made by bubbling CO2 into a 150 L temperature-
controlled seawater reservoir, that supplied water to eight 3.5 L chambers at
a turnover rate of 50 ml min-1. Air was bubbled into the reservoir to maintain
100% oxygen saturation and submersible pumps (model number P396, Annex Depot,
Sacramento, CA) provided mixing in the chambers at 3.8 L min-1. The bottom of
each chamber was lined with autoclaved pebbles, collected from an FHL beach,
to provide a substrate for byssal thread attachment. pH and temperature were
monitored continuously in each water reservoir with a Durafet pH and
temperature probe and the full carbonate chemistry of the system evaluated
with DIC and Total alkalinity measurements once during each trial. Mussels
were acclimated to their treatment temperatures in ambient pH (~7.8) over 9 d,
ramping temperature up no more than 2\\u02daC per day, and fed a maintenance
level of Shellfish Diet 1800 (6 g l-1 day-1, Reed Mariculture, Campell, CA,
USA).
The twelve independent temperature x pCO2 treatments spanned the range of
local marine conditions (Newcomb, 2015; George et al., 2019; temperature at
10\\u02daC, 18\\u02daC, or 25\\u02daC and pCO2 at 400, 750, 1200, or 2500
\\u00b5atm). Each mussel was trimmed of external byssus before placement in an
experimental treatment for 3 d, sufficient time to produce new mature byssal
threads (Bell & Gosline 1996) while minimizing the effect of treatment on
mussel condition. Mussels were starved during the 3 d trials to minimize
changes in chamber water chemistry due to food addition and to reduce fouling.
Three trials were conducted in succession to replicate treatments over time,
increasing sample size (n=8 x 3) for each temperature*pCO2 treatment.
At the end of each trial, mussels and the rocks to which they had attached
with byssal threads were removed from the chambers. The entire byssus was
dissected from each mussel and stored air-dried for up to 20 days. Byssus was
rehydrated in seawater prior to testing, a method that does not alter the
mechanical properties of the byssal threads (Brazee, 2004). The number of
byssal threads each mussel produced was counted, and one thread was
haphazardly chosen for mechanical testing following the procedure of Bell &
Gosline (1996). Briefly, an individual thread was clamped with submersible
pneumatic grips on either end by holding the proximal byssal stem between
cardstock with cyanoacrylate glue and affixing the distal plaque with attached
rock to an aluminum T-bar with epoxy. An Instron 5565 tensometer (Norwood MA,
USA), extended the thread at a rate of 10 mm min-1 in a temperature-controlled
water bath (3130-100 BioPuls Bath, Instron, Norwood, MA, USA) until failure.
The tensometer measured force (\\u00b110-3 N) and extension (\\u00b1 10-3 mm) at
10 Hz. Tests were performed in seawater with a pH of 7.8 and the relevant
treatment temperature.
Pull to failure mechanical tests provided estimates of thread breaking force,
yield force, extensibility, initial stiffness and failure location (Bell &
Gosline 1996). Yield, due to quasi-plastic deformation in the distal region,
was identified as the point where the initial slope of the force-extension
curve decreased by 40%. Extensibility was calculated by dividing thread
extension at failure by initial length and initial stiffness was determined
from the initial slope of the force extension curve. The location of failure
(proximal, plaque, and/or distal region) was noted and threads were retested
to quantify the breaking force of each remaining region. Tests that broke at
the grips were considered underestimates and were discarded.
The cross-sectional area of the proximal region was measured to evaluate
morphological differences among treatments. The elliptical area was estimated
from measures of the major and minor axes (+ 1 um using a dissecting
microscope (Brazee & Carrington 2006). Proximal breaking stress (N mm-2), a
material property, was calculated as proximal breaking force divided by
proximal area. Thread surface structure was examined using a scanning electron
microscope (FEI Sirion XL30 SEM, Hillsboro, OR).
Whole mussel attachment strength was estimated using two mathematical models
developed by Bell & Gosline (1996). Each model assumes a mussel is anchored
with a constant thread number (n=50) arranged in a circle. The normal model
estimates dislodgment force perpendicular to the substrate (e.g, lift); all
threads are engaged and extend until they reach their maximum force. The
parallel model estimates dislodgement force for an animal pulled parallel to
the substrate (e.g., drag); threads on the upstream side are the first in
tension, yield and extend until they reach maximum force and break, while more
threads are recruited into tension until they have all broken. Additionally,
we modified each model to incorporate the variation in thread production
across treatments. Because thread production was measured for only three days,
treatment means were scaled to a maximum value of 50 threads.
Detailed methods and results are provided in Newcomb, 2015 and Newcomb et al.,
2019
Location: Friday Harbor Laboratories, Friday Harbor WA";
String awards_0_award_nid "55120";
String awards_0_award_number "OCE-1041213";
String awards_0_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1041213";
String awards_0_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
String awards_0_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
String awards_0_funding_source_nid "355";
String awards_0_program_manager "Mary Beth Saffo";
String awards_0_program_manager_nid "51608";
String cdm_data_type "Other";
String comment
"Thread mechanics
PI: Emily Carrington
Data Version 1: 2019-07-24";
String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3";
String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org";
String creator_name "BCO-DMO";
String creator_type "institution";
String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/";
String data_source "extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019";
String date_created "2019-07-22T19:58:03Z";
String date_modified "2019-08-06T19:06:51Z";
String defaultDataQuery "&time<now";
String doi "10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.773556.1";
String history
"2024-11-23T17:26:33Z (local files)
2024-11-23T17:26:33Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_773556.html";
String infoUrl "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/773556";
String institution "BCO-DMO";
String instruments_0_acronym "Materials Testing System";
String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description "Instron’s (Norwood, MA) electromechanical testing systems are used to test a wide range of materials in tension or compression. The series 5560 are dual column table top models, the 5565 model has a load capacity of 5 kN (1125 lbf).";
String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid "773638";
String instruments_0_description
"Testing systems that are used to test a wide range of
materials in tension or compression.";
String instruments_0_instrument_name "Materials Testing System";
String instruments_0_instrument_nid "718";
String instruments_0_supplied_name "Instron 5565 load frame";
String keywords "bco, bco-dmo, biological, breaking, Breaking_Ext, Breaking_Force, Breaking_Stress, carbon, carbon dioxide, chemical, chemistry, co2, data, dataset, diam, dioxide, distal, Distal_Diam, Distal_Force, dmo, earth, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > pH, erddap, ext, force, Location, major, management, minor, mod, modulus, mussel, Mussel_ID, ocean, oceanography, oceans, office, pCO2_Target, plaque, Plaque_Force, preliminary, prox, Prox_Major, Prox_Minor, proximal, Proximal_Force, reported, scale, science, sea, sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale, seawater, stiffness, stress, target, Temp, temperature, thread, Thread_Ext, Thread_Stiffness, total, treatment, Treatment_ID, trial, water, yield, youngs, Youngs_Mod";
String keywords_vocabulary "GCMD Science Keywords";
String license "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/773556/license";
String metadata_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/773556";
String param_mapping "{'773556': {}}";
String parameter_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/773556/parameters";
String people_0_affiliation "University of Washington";
String people_0_affiliation_acronym "UW";
String people_0_person_name "Emily Carrington";
String people_0_person_nid "51609";
String people_0_role "Principal Investigator";
String people_0_role_type "originator";
String people_1_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String people_1_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
String people_1_person_name "Karen Soenen";
String people_1_person_nid "748773";
String people_1_role "BCO-DMO Data Manager";
String people_1_role_type "related";
String project "OA - Ecomaterials Perspective";
String projects_0_acronym "OA - Ecomaterials Perspective";
String projects_0_description
"Effects of Ocean Acidification on Coastal Organisms: An Ecomaterials Perspective
This award will support researchers based at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories. The overall focus of the project is to determine how ocean acidification affects the integrity of biomaterials and how these effects in turn alter interactions among members of marine communities. The research plan emphasizes an ecomaterial approach; a team of biomaterials and ecomechanics experts will apply their unique perspective to detail how different combinations of environmental conditions affect the structural integrity and ecological performance of organisms. The study targets a diversity of ecologically important taxa, including bivalves, snails, crustaceans, and seaweeds, thereby providing insight into the range of possible biological responses to future changes in climate conditions. The proposal will enhance our understanding of the ecological consequences of climate change, a significant societal problem.
Each of the study systems has broader impacts in fields beyond ecomechanics. Engineers are particularly interested in biomaterials and in each system there are materials with commercial potential. The project will integrate research and education by supporting doctoral student dissertation research, providing undergraduate research opportunities via three training programs at FHL, and summer internships for talented high school students, recruited from the FHL Science Outreach Program. The participation of underrepresented groups will be broadened by actively recruiting URM and female students. Results will be disseminated in a variety of forums, including peer-reviewed scientific publications, undergraduate and graduate course material, service learning activities in K-8 classrooms, demonstrations at FHL's annual Open House, and columns for a popular science magazine.";
String projects_0_end_date "2013-08";
String projects_0_geolocation "Friday Harbor, WA";
String projects_0_name "Effects of Ocean Acidification on Coastal Organisms: An Ecomaterials Perspective";
String projects_0_project_nid "2250";
String projects_0_project_website "http://depts.washington.edu/fhl/oael.html";
String projects_0_start_date "2010-09";
String publisher_name "Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)";
String publisher_type "institution";
String sourceUrl "(local files)";
String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v55";
String summary "These data were used in a structural analysis study to evaluate how pCO2 and an additional stressor, elevated temperature, influences byssal thread quality and production. Mussels (M. trossulus) were collected in May 2012 from Argyle Creek, San Juan Island, WA (48.52\\u02da N, 123.01\\u02da W) and held in a mesh box submerged under the dock at Friday Harbor Laboratories (FHL), San Juan Island, WA for up to 14 d. Mussels were placed in controlled temperature and pCO2 treatments in the Ocean Acidification Experimental Laboratory (OAEL), then newly produced threads were counted and pulled to failure to determine byssus strength.";
String title "[Thread mechanics] - Lab study on the effect of temperature and pCO2 on mussel byssal attachment (thread mechanics) with mussels collected in May 2012 from Argyle Creek, San Juan Island, WA (48.52˚ N, 123.01˚ W) (Effects of Ocean Acidification on Coastal Organisms: An Ecomaterials Perspective)";
String version "1";
String xml_source "osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3";
}
}
Data Access Protocol (DAP) and its
selection constraints.
The URL specifies what you want: the dataset, a description of the graph or the subset of the data, and the file type for the response.
Tabledap request URLs must be in the form
https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/tabledap/datasetID.fileType{?query}
For example,
https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/tabledap/pmelTaoDySst.htmlTable?longitude,latitude,time,station,wmo_platform_code,T_25&time>=2015-05-23T12:00:00Z&time<=2015-05-31T12:00:00Z
Thus, the query is often a comma-separated list of desired variable names,
followed by a collection of
constraints (e.g., variable<value),
each preceded by '&' (which is interpreted as "AND").
For details, see the tabledap Documentation.