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     data   graph     files  public Ammonium (NH4) data from CTD rosette bottles from R/V Thomas G. Thompson and R/V Kilo Moana
cruises TN277, KM1301, KM1312 in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean from 2012-2013 (POWOW project)
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The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson,.odvTxt
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String Ammonium was measured on fresh, unfiltered samples following Holmes et al.
1999. Certified reference materials were used to verify protocols (Inorganic
Ventures: QCP-NT, QCP-NUT-1, CGSI1-1). The detection limits of NH4 were:
9 nM for POWOW1 samples
5 nM for POWOW2 and POWOW3 samples
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 55018
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1031064
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1031064 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Ammonium (NH4)
PI: Zackary Johnson (Duke University)
Version History:
Dataset updated: 10 July 2014 (current version)
Original data: 25 Oct 2012
Note: 0 = mean of replicated samples was below detection limit
(Detection limits: 9 nM for POWOW1; 5 nM for POWOW2 and 3).
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2012-10-23T19:42:35Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-03-05T18:16:51Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3754.2
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double -118.316
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double 46.6888
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double 21.3428
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double -118.316
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -160.6166
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_max double 1000.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_min double 2.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_positive String down
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_units String m
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3754 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_acronym String Niskin bottle
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid String 518543
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_description String A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24 or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_name String Niskin bottle
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_nid String 413
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_supplied_name String Niskin bottle
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String ammonia, ammonium, bco, bco-dmo, biological, bot, cast, chemical, chemistry, concentration, cruise, cruise_name, data, dataset, date, day, day_utc, depth, depth_w, dmo, earth, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Ammonia, erddap, iso, latitude, longitude, management, mole, mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water, month, month_utc, name, nh4, ocean, oceanography, oceans, office, preliminary, science, sea, seawater, time, time_utc, water, year
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String GCMD Science Keywords
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3754/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/3754 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double 46.6888
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'3754': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'depth': 'flag - depth', 'lon': 'master - longitude', 'ISO_DateTime_UTC': 'flag - time'}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/3754/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String Duke University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Zackary I. Johnson
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 50749
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Shannon Rauch
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 51498
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String POWOW
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String POWOW
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String Project also known as 'Prochlorococcus Of Warming Ocean Waters' (POWOW).
The two numerically-dominant ecotypes of the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus partition the surface ocean niche latitudinally, with ecotype eMIT9312 dominant in the 30 degree N to 30 degree S region and eMED4 dominant at higher latitudes. These ecotypes may account for 25-50% of primary production in open ocean ecosystems, but this percentage is dependent on which ecotype dominates. The relative abundance of the two ecotypes follows a log-linear relationship with temperature, with the transition from eMIT9312 to eMED4 occurring at approx. 18 degrees C. From these descriptive data, it has been hypothesized that temperature is the primary driver of relative abundance. Their contribution to net primary production, however, appears to be independent of temperature, suggesting temperature regulates ecotype dominance through photosynthesis-independent mechanisms.
To test these hypotheses, the PIs are undertaking a series of field and lab studies to investigate the effect of temperature change on the distribution of these ecotypes. Two cruises in the North Pacific will trace the transitions from eMIT9312- to eMED4-dominated regions, with one cruise during the winter and the other during summer. They have hypothesized that the ratio of ecotype abundance will move latitudinally with the seasonal shift in temperature gradient: migration of the 18 degrees C isotherm northward in the summer will be matched by a similar migration of the 1:1 ecotype transition point. Multiple crossings of the 18 degrees C isotherm are proposed, and the summer cruise will also follow the isotherm to the Western US coast to gain insight on physical and geochemical influences. Environmental variables such as nutrient concentrations, light/mixing depths, and virus /grazing based mortality, which may impinge on the relationship between temperature and ecotype ratio, will be assessed through a series of multivariate analyses of the collected suite of physical, chemical and biological data. Seasonal comparisons will be complemented with on-deck incubations and lab competition assays (using existing and new isolates) that will establish, for the first time, how fitness coefficients of these ecotypes relate to temperature. As latitudinal shifts in temperature gradient and migration of ecotypes during seasonal warming likely share common features with high latitude warming as a consequence of climate change, the investigator's analyses will contribute important biological parameters (e.g., abundances, production rates, temperature change coefficients) for modeling biological and biogeochemical responses to climate change. This research will be integrated with that of committed collaborators, generating data sufficient for ecosystem-scale characterizations of the contributions of temperature (relative to other forcing factors) in constraining the range and seasonal migration of these numerically dominant marine phototrophs.
Publications produced as result of this research:
Rowe, J.M., DeBruyn, J.M., Poorvin, L., LeCleir, G.R., Johnson, Z.I., Zinser, E.R., and Wilhelm, S.W. 2012. Viral and bacterial abundance and production in the Western Pacific Ocean and the relation to other oceanic realms. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 72, p. 359. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01223.x
Morris, J.J., Lenski, R.E. and E.R. Zinser. 2012. The Black Queen Hypothesis: Evolution of Dependencies through Adaptive Gene Loss. mBio, 3, p. e00036-12. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00036-12
Morris, J.J., Johnson, Z.I., Szul, M.J., Keller, M., and Zinser, E.R. 2011. Dependence of the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus on hydrogen peroxide scavenging microbes for growth at the ocean's surface. PLoS One, 6(2), p. 16805. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0016805
Ringuet, S., Sassano, L., and Johnson, Z.I. 2011. A suite of microplate reader-based colorimetric methods to quantify ammonium, nitrate, orthophosphate and silicate concentrations for aquatic nutrient monitoring. Journal of Environmental Monitoring. DOI:10.1039/C0EM00290A
Ritchie, A.E. and Johnson, Z.I. 2012. Abundance and genetic diversity of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria of coastal regions of the Pacific Ocean. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 78, p. 2858. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.06268-11
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2014-09
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Eastern North Pacific Ocean
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Seasonal and decadal changes in temperature drive Prochlorococcus ecotype distribution patterns
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 2237
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_website String http://oceanography.ml.duke.edu/johnson/research/powow/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2010-10
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double 21.3428
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Ammonium (NH4) data from CTD rosette bottles from R/V Thomas G. Thompson and R/V Kilo Moana cruises TN277, KM1301, KM1312 in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean from 2012-2013 (POWOW project)
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_end String 2013-07-27T19:10:00.00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_start String 2012-03-01T12:46:00.00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String Ammonium (NH4) data from CTD rosette bottles from R/V Thomas G. Thompson and R/V Kilo Moana cruises TN277, KM1301, KM1312 in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean from 2012-2013 (POWOW project)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 2
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -160.6166
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable cruise_name   String  
attribute cruise_name bcodmo_name String Cruise Name
attribute cruise_name description String Cruise identifier (POWOW1 = TN277 = R/V Thomas G. Thompson cruise 277; POWOW2 = KM1301 = R/V Kilo Moana cruise 1301; POWOW3 = KM1312 = R/V Kilo Moana cruise 1312).
attribute cruise_name long_name String Cruise Name
attribute cruise_name units String text
variable cast   String  
attribute cast bcodmo_name String cast
attribute cast description String Consecutive CTD cast number. CTD numbers are unique and sequential across stations.
attribute cast long_name String Cast
attribute cast units String unitless
variable latitude   double  
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute latitude actual_range double 21.3428, 46.6888
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude bcodmo_name String latitude
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude description String Latitude at start of CTD cast. Positive = North.
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
variable longitude   double  
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute longitude actual_range double -160.6166, -118.316
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude bcodmo_name String longitude
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude description String Longitude at start of CTD cast. Positive = East.
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
variable depth_w   short  
attribute depth_w _FillValue short 32767
attribute depth_w actual_range short 349, 6055
attribute depth_w bcodmo_name String depth_w
attribute depth_w colorBarMaximum double 8000.0
attribute depth_w colorBarMinimum double -8000.0
attribute depth_w colorBarPalette String TopographyDepth
attribute depth_w description String Depth of the water (bottom depth) at sampling station.
attribute depth_w long_name String Depth
attribute depth_w standard_name String depth
attribute depth_w units String meters
variable month_utc   String  
attribute month_utc bcodmo_name String month_utc
attribute month_utc description String 2-digit month of year, UTC.
attribute month_utc long_name String Month Utc
attribute month_utc units String mm (01 to 12)
variable day_utc   String  
attribute day_utc bcodmo_name String day_utc
attribute day_utc description String 2-digit day of month, UTC.
attribute day_utc long_name String Day Utc
attribute day_utc units String dd (01 to 31)
variable year   short  
attribute year _FillValue short 32767
attribute year actual_range short 2012, 2013
attribute year bcodmo_name String year
attribute year description String 4-digit year. in YYYY format
attribute year long_name String Year
attribute year nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/YEARXXXX/ (external link)
attribute year units String unitless
variable time_utc   String  
attribute time_utc bcodmo_name String time_utc
attribute time_utc description String Time (UTC) at start of sample collection, 24-hour clock.
attribute time_utc long_name String Time Utc
attribute time_utc units String HHMM.mm
variable time   double  
attribute time _CoordinateAxisType String Time
attribute time actual_range double 1.33060596E9, 1.3749522E9
attribute time axis String T
attribute time bcodmo_name String ISO_DateTime_UTC
attribute time description String Date/Time (UTC) ISO8601 formatted. T indicates start of time string; Z indicates UTC.
attribute time ioos_category String Time
attribute time long_name String ISO Date Time UTC
attribute time nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DTUT8601/ (external link)
attribute time source_name String ISO_DateTime_UTC
attribute time standard_name String time
attribute time time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute time time_precision String 1970-01-01T00:00:00.00Z
attribute time units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable depth   double  
attribute depth _CoordinateAxisType String Height
attribute depth _CoordinateZisPositive String down
attribute depth _FillValue double NaN
attribute depth actual_range double 2.0, 1000.0
attribute depth axis String Z
attribute depth bcodmo_name String depth
attribute depth colorBarMaximum double 8000.0
attribute depth colorBarMinimum double -8000.0
attribute depth colorBarPalette String TopographyDepth
attribute depth description String Sample depth.
attribute depth ioos_category String Location
attribute depth long_name String Depth
attribute depth nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/ (external link)
attribute depth positive String down
attribute depth standard_name String depth
attribute depth units String m
variable bot   byte  
attribute bot _FillValue byte 127
attribute bot actual_range byte 1, 24
attribute bot bcodmo_name String bot
attribute bot description String Rosette position of the bottle.
attribute bot long_name String Bot
attribute bot units String unitless
variable NH4   short  
attribute NH4 _FillValue short 32767
attribute NH4 actual_range short 0, 647
attribute NH4 bcodmo_name String Ammonium
attribute NH4 colorBarMaximum double 5.0
attribute NH4 colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute NH4 description String Ammonium (NH4) concentration in nM.
attribute NH4 long_name String Mole Concentration Of Ammonium In Sea Water
attribute NH4 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AMONAAZX/ (external link)
attribute NH4 units String nanomolar (nM)

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.


 
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