ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_661557

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
	set	data	graph		files	public	[Sulfate reduction rates] - Sulfate reduction rates at Main Endeavor grotto chimney from samples collected on RV Atlantis (AT18-08) during Jason II dives in the Juan de Fuca Ridge from July to August 2011 (Characterizing the distribution and rates of microbial sulfate reduction at Middle Valley hydrothermal vents)		F   I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_661557

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Tables and Figures referenced in the acquisition description are found in the paper Frank et al., 2015 Once on board ship,\u00a0tubeworms\u00a0and other macrofauna were removed from the samples and the large pieces were broken into more manageable fragments (~10-20 cm3) with a flame-sterilized chisel and sledgehammer, with the user wearing sterile nitrile gloves. Samples were quickly transferred to 0.2 um- filtered anaerobic (nitrogen-sparged) seawater. Samples were further broken down into smaller sizes while in anaerobic water, and subsamples from the interior of the fragments were immediately transferred to gastight jars (Freund Container Inc.) filled with sterile anaerobic seawater containing 2 mM sodium sulfide at pH 6, and stored at 4 degrees celsius for incubations and analyses. The sterile sulfidic seawater in the gastight jars\u00a0were\u00a0refreshed periodically during storage at 4 degrees celsius. The majority of the rate experiments (80%) were set up immediately on the ship using freshly collected samples. In parallel, subsamples (~1 cm3) from each flange were preserved aboard ship in glutaraldehyde (2.5% in phosphate buffered saline, PBS, pH 7.0), then prepared for electron microscopy via ethanol dehydration and critical point drying before being sputtered with a thin layer of gold-palladium to improve image resolution. Samples were imaged with a Zeiss model EVO Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).\u00a0 Prior to incubation, each flange subsample was pulverized by hand for about one hour to minimize fine-scale geological and microbial heterogeneity and facilitate more accurate experimental replication (akin to slurry experiments in sediments; Fossing & J\u00f8rgensen 1989; Weber & J\u00f8rgensen 2002; J\u00f8rgensen\u00a0et al.\u00a01992). Specifically, each subsample was pulverized with a flame-sterilized sledgehammer in sterile seawater actively bubbled with nitrogen within an anaerobic chamber. For each independent treatment, aliquots of 7.5 mL flange slurry (approx. 29 g wet weight and 20 g dry weight) were transferred into Balch tubes in an anaerobic chamber, and supplemented with 15 mL of sterile artificial seawater media designed to mimic the geochemical conditions within a hydrothermal flange (400 mM NaCl, 25 mM KCl, 30 mM CaCl2, 2.3 mM NaHCO3, 14 mM NaSO42-, 1 mM H2S, and 50 uM dissolved organic carbon - consisting of equimolar proportions 10 uM of pyruvate, citrate, formate, acetate, lactate) under a pure nitrogen headspace.\u00a0 Concentrations of sulfide, sulfate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were varied independently to investigate concentration dependent effects on the rates of SR. The range of experimental conditions tested was determined from previously published concentration profiles of aqueous species modeled as functions of temperature and position within the Grotto vent structure (Tivey, 2004). Concentrations were varied by orders of magnitude within the modeled ranges to simulate conditions representative of different mixing regimes between seawater and vent fluid (Table 1). The range of DOC (which we approximate as a mix of pyruvate, citrate, formate, acetate, lactate \u2013 most of which have been identified to varying degrees within vent fluid and are known carbon sources for heterotrophic SR in culture) concentrations tested were based on the average DOC concentrations measured within diffuse fluids at the Main Endeavor Field (Lang\u00a0et al., 2006; Lang\u00a0et al.,\u00a02010). Hydrogen sulfide was present as H2S (pKa\u00a0in seawater of 6.60) across all the conditions tested (Amend & Shock, 2001). Incubations were carried out at pH 4 (to simulate the pH of end-member Grotto vent fluid and the average calculated pH of\u00a0mixed fluids in highly reduced zones within the flange; Tivey 2004) as well as pH 6 (representative of the calculated pH in fluid mixing zones; Tivey 2004). All the results are presented and discussed in the context of the initial measured media conditions.\u00a0 Sufficient\u00a035SO42-\u00a0was added to achieve 15 uCi of activity. Samples were incubated anaerobically for 1, 3 or 7 days at ambient seawater (4 degrees celsius), thermophilic (50 degrees celsius) and hyperthermophilic (90 degrees celsius) temperatures. The range of temperatures considered was representative of different thermal regimes associated with the surface, outer layer and middle regions of hydrothermal chimneys (Tivey 2004; Kormas\u00a0et al.\u00a02006; Schrenk\u00a0et al. 2003). Negative controls consisted of samples amended with 28 mM molybdate to inhibit SR (Newport & Nedwell, 1988; Saleh\u00a0et al., 1964). Three biological replicates were run for each treatment, and two biological replicates for each control.\u00a0 Upon completion, reactions were quenched with the injection of 5 mL 25% zinc acetate, at pH 8 (i.e. 20-fold excess Zn), and all samples were frozen at -20 degrees celsius for further analysis. 80% of incubations were performed shipboard with freshly collected samples and the remaining 20% of incubations were completed within one year of collection.\u00a0 To determine SR rates, samples were thawed and the supernatant was removed and filtered through a 0.2 um syringe filter. The homogenized flange that remained in the tube was washed three times with deionized water to remove any remaining sulfate. One gram (wet weight) of flange material was added to 10 mL of a 1:1 ethanol to water solution in the chromium distillation apparatus, and then degassed with nitrogen for 15 minutes to drive the environment anoxic. Hydrogen sulfide gas was evolved after the anaerobic addition of 8 mL of 12 N HCl and 10 mL of 1 M reduced chromium chloride, followed by 3 hours of heating. The resulting hydrogen sulfide gas was carried via nitrogen gas through a condenser to remove\u00a0HCl,\u00a0and was then trapped as zinc sulfide in a 25% zinc acetate solution. To moderate potential artifacts of hot distillation methods including elevated rates in control samples, experiments were analyzed in triplicate, on different days and with different glassware to minimize cross-contamination, and any activity observed in \u201ccontrol\u201d samples was deleted from the treatments. The radioactivity of the resulting sulfide (Zn35S) and the remaining sulfate from the supernatant (35SO42-)\u00a0were\u00a0measured via liquid scintillation counter in Ultima Gold scintillation cocktail (ThermoFisher Inc., Waltham, MA).\u00a0 Once on board ship,\u00a0tubeworms\u00a0and other macrofauna were removed from the samples and the large pieces were broken into more manageable fragments (~10-20 cm3) with a flame-sterilized chisel and sledgehammer, with the user wearing sterile nitrile gloves. Samples were quickly transferred to 0.2 um- filtered anaerobic (nitrogen-sparged) seawater. Samples were further broken down into smaller sizes while in anaerobic water, and subsamples from the interior of the fragments were immediately transferred to gastight jars (Freund Container Inc.) filled with sterile anaerobic seawater containing 2 mM sodium sulfide at pH 6, and stored at 4 degrees celsius for incubations and analyses. The sterile sulfidic seawater in the gastight jars\u00a0were\u00a0refreshed periodically during storage at 4 degrees celsius. The majority of the rate experiments (80%) were set up immediately on the ship using freshly collected samples. In parallel, subsamples (~1 cm3) from each flange were preserved aboard ship in glutaraldehyde (2.5% in phosphate buffered saline, PBS, pH 7.0), then prepared for electron microscopy via ethanol dehydration and critical point drying before being sputtered with a thin layer of gold-palladium to improve image resolution. Samples were imaged with a Zeiss model EVO Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).\u00a0 Prior to incubation, each flange subsample was pulverized by hand for about one hour to minimize fine-scale geological and microbial heterogeneity and facilitate more accurate experimental replication (akin to slurry experiments in sediments; Fossing & J\u00f8rgensen 1989; Weber & J\u00f8rgensen 2002; J\u00f8rgensen et al. 1992). Specifically, each subsample was pulverized with a flame-sterilized sledgehammer in sterile seawater actively bubbled with nitrogen within an anaerobic chamber. For each independent treatment, aliquots of 7.5 mL flange slurry (approx. 29 g wet weight and 20 g dry weight) were transferred into Balch tubes in an anaerobic chamber, and supplemented with 15 mL of sterile artificial seawater media designed to mimic the geochemical conditions within a hydrothermal flange (400 mM NaCl, 25 mM KCl, 30 mM CaCl2, 2.3 mM NaHCO3, 14 mM NaSO42-, 1 mM H2S, and 50 uM dissolved organic carbon - consisting of equimolar proportions 10 uM of pyruvate, citrate, formate, acetate, lactate) under a pure nitrogen headspace.\u00a0 Concentrations of sulfide, sulfate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were varied independently to investigate concentration dependent effects on the rates of SR. The range of experimental conditions tested was determined from previously published concentration profiles of aqueous species modeled as functions of temperature and position within the Grotto vent structure (Tivey, 2004). Concentrations were varied by orders of magnitude within the modeled ranges to simulate conditions representative of different mixing regimes between seawater and vent fluid (Table 1). The range of DOC (which we approximate as a mix of pyruvate, citrate, formate, acetate, lactate \u2013 most of which have been identified to varying degrees within vent fluid and are known carbon sources for heterotrophic SR in culture) concentrations tested were based on the average DOC concentrations measured within diffuse fluids at the Main Endeavor Field (Lang et al., 2006; Lang et al., 2010). Hydrogen sulfide was present as H2S (pKa in seawater of 6.60) across all the conditions tested (Amend & Shock, 2001). Incubations were carried out at pH 4 (to simulate the pH of end-member Grotto vent fluid and the average calculated pH of mixed fluids in highly reduced zones within the flange; Tivey 2004) as well as pH 6 (representative of the calculated pH in fluid mixing zones; Tivey 2004). All the results are presented and discussed in the context of the initial measured media conditions.\u00a0 Sufficient 35SO42- was added to achieve 15 uCi of activity. Samples were incubated anaerobically for 1, 3 or 7 days at ambient seawater (4 degrees celsius), thermophilic (50 degrees celsius) and hyperthermophilic (90 degrees celsius) temperatures. The range of temperatures considered was representative of different thermal regimes associated with the surface, outer layer and middle regions of hydrothermal chimneys (Tivey 2004; Kormas et al. 2006; Schrenk et al. 2003). Negative controls consisted of samples amended with 28 mM molybdate to inhibit SR (Newport & Nedwell, 1988; Saleh et al., 1964). Three biological replicates were run for each treatment, and two biological replicates for each control.\u00a0 Upon completion, reactions were quenched with the injection of 5 mL 25% zinc acetate, at pH 8 (i.e. 20-fold excess Zn), and all samples were frozen at -20 degrees celsius for further analysis. 80% of incubations were performed shipboard with freshly collected samples and the remaining 20% of incubations were completed within one year of collection.\u00a0 To determine SR rates, samples were thawed and the supernatant was removed and filtered through a 0.2 um syringe filter. The homogenized flange that remained in the tube was washed three times with deionized water to remove any remaining sulfate. One gram (wet weight) of flange material was added to 10 mL of a 1:1 ethanol to water solution in the chromium distillation apparatus, and then degassed with nitrogen for 15 minutes to drive the environment anoxic. Hydrogen sulfide gas was evolved after the anaerobic addition of 8 mL of 12 N HCl and 10 mL of 1 M reduced chromium chloride, followed by 3 hours of heating. The resulting hydrogen sulfide gas was carried via nitrogen gas through a condenser to remove\u00a0HCl,\u00a0and was then trapped as zinc sulfide in a 25% zinc acetate solution. To moderate potential artifacts of hot distillation methods including elevated rates in control samples, experiments were analyzed in triplicate, on different days and with different glassware to minimize cross-contamination, and any activity observed in \u201ccontrol\u201d samples was deleted from the treatments. The radioactivity of the resulting sulfide (Zn35S) and the remaining sulfate from the supernatant (35SO42-)\u00a0were\u00a0measured via liquid scintillation counter in Ultima Gold scintillation cocktail (ThermoFisher Inc., Waltham, MA).\u00a0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	554913
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-1061934
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1061934
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_award_nid	String	626305
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_award_number	String	OCE-0838107
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0838107
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_program_manager	String	Kandace S Binkley
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_program_manager_nid	String	51512
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_award_nid	String	626308
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_award_number	String	NNX09AB78G
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_funder_name	String	NASA Astrobiology Science & Technology for Exploring Planets
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_funding_acronym	String	NASA-ASTEP
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_funding_source_nid	String	626307
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_award_nid	String	626309
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_award_number	String	NNX07AV51G
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_funder_name	String	NASA Astrobiology Science & Technology for Exploring Planets
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_funding_acronym	String	NASA-ASTEP
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_funding_source_nid	String	626307
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Sulfate Reduction Rates P. Girguis, PI Version 13 October 2016
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2016-10-13T21:40:27Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-04-22T18:17:30Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.661557.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Easternmost_Easting	double	-129.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_max	double	47.95
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_min	double	47.95
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degrees_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_max	double	-129.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_min	double	-129.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degrees_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/661557
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_acronym	String	in-situ incubator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description	String	Used aboard ship and in lab
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	661748
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	A device on shipboard or in the laboratory that holds water samples under controlled conditions of temperature and possibly illumination.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/82/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	In-situ incubator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	494
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_supplied_name	String	Incubator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_acronym	String	LSC
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description	String	Used to quantify activity
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid	String	661807
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_description	String	Liquid scintillation counting is an analytical technique which is defined by the incorporation of the radiolabeled analyte into uniform distribution with a liquid chemical medium capable of converting the kinetic energy of nuclear emissions into light energy. Although the liquid scintillation counter is a sophisticated laboratory counting system used the quantify the activity of particulate emitting (ß and a) radioactive samples, it can also detect the auger electrons emitted from 51Cr and 125I samples.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB21/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_name	String	Liquid Scintillation Counter
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_nid	String	624
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_supplied_name	String	Liquid scintillation counter
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_acronym	String	pH Sensor
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_dataset_instrument_description	String	pH sensor
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid	String	661637
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_description	String	General term for an instrument that measures the pH or how acidic or basic a solution is.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_name	String	pH Sensor
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_nid	String	674
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_supplied_name	String	pH sensor
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_acronym	String	Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_dataset_instrument_description	String	DOC was measured
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_dataset_instrument_nid	String	661638
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_description	String	An electronic device that measures the proportion of oxygen (O2) in the gas or liquid being analyzed
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_instrument_name	String	Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_instrument_nid	String	705
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_supplied_name	String	DO sensor
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_dataset_instrument_description	String	Tubeworm and macrofauna subsamples were imaged.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_dataset_instrument_nid	String	661635
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_description	String	Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of reflection and absorption of electrons behaving as waves.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB07/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_instrument_name	String	Microscope-Electron
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_instrument_nid	String	709
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_supplied_name	String	Zeiss model EVO Scanning Electron Microscope
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	3day, 7day, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, chemistry, commerce, data, dataset, department, dmo, doc, earth, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > pH, erddap, experiment, experiment_num, inhibited, inoculum, latitude, longitude, management, num, ocean, oceanography, oceans, office, preliminary, replicates, reported, scale, science, sea, sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale, seawater, srrate, SRrate_3day, SRrate_3day_replicates, SRrate_7day, SRrate_7day_replicates, SRrate_inhibited, SRrate_inhibited_replicates, sulfate, sulfide, temperature, total, water
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords_vocabulary	String	GCMD Science Keywords
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/661557/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/661557
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Northernmost_Northing	double	47.95
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'661557': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/661557/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	Harvard University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Peter Girguis
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	544586
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	University of Hawaii at Manoa
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	SOEST
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Kiana Frank
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	626318
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Contact
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Hannah Ake
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	650173
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	North Pond Microbes,Middle Valley Vents
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	North Pond Microbes
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Description from NSF award abstract: Current estimates suggest that the volume of ocean crust capable of sustaining life is comparable in magnitude to that of the oceans. To date, there is little understanding of the composition or functional capacity of microbial communities in the sub-seafloor, or their influence on the chemistry of the oceans and subsequent consequences for global biogeochemical cycles. This project focuses on understanding the relationship between microbial communities and fluid chemistry in young crustal fluids that are responsible for the transport of energy, nutrients, and organisms in the crust. Specifically, the PIs will couple microbial activity measurements, including autotrophic carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolisms as well as mineral oxide reduction, with quantitative assessments of functional gene expression and geochemical transformations in basement fluids. Through a comprehensive suite of in situ and shipboard analyses, this research will yield cross-disciplinary advances in our understanding of the microbial ecology and geochemistry of the sub-seafloor biosphere. The focus of the effort is at North Pond, an isolated sediment pond located on ridge flank oceanic crust 7-8 million years old on the western side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. North Pond is currently the target for drilling on IODP expedition 336, during which it will be instrumented with three sub-seafloor basement observatories. The project will leverage this opportunity for targeted and distinct sampling at North Pond on two German-US research cruises to accomplish three main objectives: 1. to determine if different basement fluid horizons across North Pond host distinct microbial communities and chemical milieus and the degree to which they change over a two-year post-drilling period. 2. to quantify the extent of autotrophic metabolism via microbially-mediated transformations in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur species in basement fluids at North Pond. 3. to determine the extent of suspended particulate mineral oxides in basement fluids at North Pond and to characterize their role as oxidants for fluid-hosted microbial communities. Specific outcomes include quantitative assessments of microbial activity and gene expression as well as geochemical transformations. The program builds on the integrative research goals for North Pond and will provide important data for guiding the development of that and future deep biosphere research programs. Results will increase understanding of microbial life and chemistry in young oceanic crust as well as provide new insights into controls on the distribution and activity of marine microbial communities throughout the worlds oceans. There are no data about microbial communities in ubiquitous cold, oceanic crust, the emphasis of the proposed work. This is an interdisciplinary project at the interface of microbial ecology, chemistry, and deep-sea oceanography with direct links to international and national research and educational organizations.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2015-05
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	North Pond, mid-Atlantic Ridge
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Collaborative Research: Characterization of Microbial Transformations in Basement Fluids, from Genes to Geochemical Cycling
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	554914
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2011-06
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_1_acronym	String	Middle Valley Vents
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_1_description	String	This project characterizes rates of microbially mediated sulfate reduction from three distinct hydrothermal vents in the Middle Valley vent field along the Juan de Fuca Ridge, as well as assessments of bacterial and archaeal diversity, estimates of total biomass and the abundance of functional genes related to sulfate reduction, and in situ geochemistry. Maximum rates of sulfate reduction occurred at 90°C in all three deposits. Pyrosequencing and functional gene abundance data reveal differences in both biomass and community composition among sites, including differences in the abundance of known sulfate reducing bacteria. The abundance of sequences for Thermodesulfovibro-like organisms and higher sulfate reduction rates at elevated temperatures, suggests that Thermodesulfovibro-like organisms may play a role in sulfate reduction in warmer environments. The rates of sulfate reduction observed suggest that - within anaerobic niches of hydrothermal deposits - heterotrophic sulfate reduction may be quite common and might contribute substantially to secondary productivity, underscoring the potential role of this process in both sulfur and carbon cycling at vents. This project was funded, in part, by a C-DEBI Graduate Student Fellowship.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_1_geolocation	String	Middle Valley vent field along the Juan de Fuca Ridge
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_1_name	String	Characterizing the distribution and rates of microbial sulfate reduction at Middle Valley hydrothermal vents
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_1_project_nid	String	626603
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Southernmost_Northing	double	47.95
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	subsetVariables	String	latitude,longitude,SRrate_3day_replicates,SRrate_inhibited_replicates
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Sulfate reduction rates at Main Endeavor grotto chimney from samples collected on RV Atlantis (AT18-08) during Jason II dives in the Juan de Fuca Ridge from July to August 2011
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[Sulfate reduction rates] - Sulfate reduction rates at Main Endeavor grotto chimney from samples collected on RV Atlantis (AT18-08) during Jason II dives in the Juan de Fuca Ridge from July to August 2011 (Characterizing the distribution and rates of microbial sulfate reduction at Middle Valley hydrothermal vents)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Westernmost_Easting	double	-129.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	inoculum		String
attribute	inoculum	bcodmo_name	String	incubation time
attribute	inoculum	description	String	Fresh: incubation performed on shipboard with freshly collected samples; Stored: incubation completed within one year of collection.
attribute	inoculum	long_name	String	Inoculum
attribute	inoculum	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AZDRZZ01/
attribute	inoculum	units	String	unitless
variable	experiment_num		String
attribute	experiment_num	bcodmo_name	String	exp_id
attribute	experiment_num	description	String	PI issued experiment ID number
attribute	experiment_num	long_name	String	Experiment Num
attribute	experiment_num	units	String	unitless
variable	latitude		double
attribute	latitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lat
attribute	latitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	latitude	actual_range	double	47.95, 47.95
attribute	latitude	axis	String	Y
attribute	latitude	bcodmo_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	colorBarMaximum	double	90.0
attribute	latitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-90.0
attribute	latitude	description	String	Latitude
attribute	latitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	latitude	long_name	String	Latitude
attribute	latitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/
attribute	latitude	standard_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	units	String	degrees_north
variable	longitude		double
attribute	longitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lon
attribute	longitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	longitude	actual_range	double	-129.1, -129.1
attribute	longitude	axis	String	X
attribute	longitude	bcodmo_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	colorBarMaximum	double	180.0
attribute	longitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-180.0
attribute	longitude	description	String	Longitude
attribute	longitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	longitude	long_name	String	Longitude
attribute	longitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/
attribute	longitude	standard_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	units	String	degrees_east
variable	sulfide		float
attribute	sulfide	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	sulfide	actual_range	float	1.0E-9, 0.001
attribute	sulfide	bcodmo_name	String	sulfide
attribute	sulfide	description	String	Independently varied concentration of sulfide
attribute	sulfide	long_name	String	Sulfide
attribute	sulfide	units	String	molar (M)
variable	DOC		float
attribute	DOC	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	DOC	actual_range	float	0.0, 50.0
attribute	DOC	bcodmo_name	String	DOC
attribute	DOC	description	String	Independently varied dissolved oxygen concentration
attribute	DOC	long_name	String	DOC
attribute	DOC	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/CORGZZZX/
attribute	DOC	units	String	micromoles (uM)
variable	sulfate		float
attribute	sulfate	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	sulfate	actual_range	float	1.0E-5, 14.0
attribute	sulfate	bcodmo_name	String	SO4
attribute	sulfate	description	String	Independently varied concentration of sulfate
attribute	sulfate	long_name	String	Sulfate
attribute	sulfate	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/SPHTMAXX/
attribute	sulfate	units	String	millimoles (mM)
variable	pH		byte
attribute	pH	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	pH	actual_range	byte	4, 6
attribute	pH	bcodmo_name	String	pH
attribute	pH	colorBarMaximum	double	9.0
attribute	pH	colorBarMinimum	double	7.0
attribute	pH	description	String	pH of media added to incubations; Incubations were carried out at either pH 4 or 6; 4: simulates the pH of end-member Grotto vent fluid and the average calculated pH of mixed fluids in highly reduced zones within flange (Tivey 2004). 6: represents the calculated pH in fluid mixing zones (Tivey 2004).
attribute	pH	long_name	String	Sea Water Ph Reported On Total Scale
attribute	pH	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PHXXZZXX/
attribute	pH	units	String	pH
variable	temperature		byte
attribute	temperature	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	temperature	actual_range	byte	4, 90
attribute	temperature	bcodmo_name	String	temperature
attribute	temperature	description	String	Temperatures at which samples were incubated anaerobically for 1, 3, or 7 days. 4 C: ambient seawater; 50 C: thermophilic; 90 C: hyperthermophilic.
attribute	temperature	long_name	String	Temperature
attribute	temperature	units	String	celsius (C)
variable	SRrate_3day		float
attribute	SRrate_3day	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	SRrate_3day	actual_range	float	0.0, 1695.552
attribute	SRrate_3day	bcodmo_name	String	SO4
attribute	SRrate_3day	description	String	Sulfate reduction rate after 3 day incubation
attribute	SRrate_3day	long_name	String	SRrate 3day
attribute	SRrate_3day	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/SPHTMAXX/
attribute	SRrate_3day	units	String	nmol/gday
variable	SRrate_3day_replicates		byte
attribute	SRrate_3day_replicates	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	SRrate_3day_replicates	actual_range	byte	3, 3
attribute	SRrate_3day_replicates	bcodmo_name	String	num_reps
attribute	SRrate_3day_replicates	description	String	Number of replicates used for 3 day incubation
attribute	SRrate_3day_replicates	long_name	String	SRrate 3day Replicates
attribute	SRrate_3day_replicates	units	String	count
variable	SRrate_7day		float
attribute	SRrate_7day	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	SRrate_7day	actual_range	float	0.0, 1678.113
attribute	SRrate_7day	bcodmo_name	String	SO4
attribute	SRrate_7day	description	String	Sulfate reduction rate after 7 day incubation
attribute	SRrate_7day	long_name	String	SRrate 7day
attribute	SRrate_7day	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/SPHTMAXX/
attribute	SRrate_7day	units	String	nmol/gday
variable	SRrate_7day_replicates		byte
attribute	SRrate_7day_replicates	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	SRrate_7day_replicates	actual_range	byte	0, 3
attribute	SRrate_7day_replicates	bcodmo_name	String	num_reps
attribute	SRrate_7day_replicates	description	String	Number of replicates used for 7 day incubation
attribute	SRrate_7day_replicates	long_name	String	SRrate 7day Replicates
attribute	SRrate_7day_replicates	units	String	count
variable	SRrate_inhibited		float
attribute	SRrate_inhibited	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	SRrate_inhibited	actual_range	float	0.0, 9.19
attribute	SRrate_inhibited	bcodmo_name	String	SO4
attribute	SRrate_inhibited	description	String	Sulfate reduction rate molybdate inhibited controls
attribute	SRrate_inhibited	long_name	String	SRrate Inhibited
attribute	SRrate_inhibited	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/SPHTMAXX/
attribute	SRrate_inhibited	units	String	nmol/gday
variable	SRrate_inhibited_replicates		byte
attribute	SRrate_inhibited_replicates	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	SRrate_inhibited_replicates	actual_range	byte	2, 2
attribute	SRrate_inhibited_replicates	bcodmo_name	String	num_reps
attribute	SRrate_inhibited_replicates	description	String	Number of replicates used for molybdate inhibited controls
attribute	SRrate_inhibited_replicates	long_name	String	SRrate Inhibited Replicates
attribute	SRrate_inhibited_replicates	units	String	count

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.