ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_739790

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	[Snail larvae in turbulence and waves] - Processed data from Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) observations of Tritia trivittata and Tritia obsoleta behavior in various flow tanks (Relative Influence of Turbulence and Waves on Larval Behavior)		I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_739790

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Larvae were observed in grid-stirred turbulence and in three devices producing simpler flows dominated by strain, vorticity, or acceleration. The three simpler flow devices were operated either vertically or horizontally. In each device, multiple forcing frequencies were used so that larvae experienced a broad range of physical signals with intensities representative of most ocean regions. In each device, larvae were gently added along with 105 cells mL-1 algae (~18 \u03bcm preserved Thalassiosira weissflogii; Reed Mariculture) used as flow tracers. Movements of larvae and flow were measured simultaneously using 2-dimensional (2D), infrared particle-image velocimetry (PIV). The PIV system consisted of a 4 megapixel CCD camera (FlowSense, Dantec Dynamics) with a 100 mm lens (Tokina) and a pulsed diode laser (NanoPower 4W or 7W, 808 nm) with a ~2 mm beam width. Image sizes and locations varied among flow tanks (Fig. S1, Fuchs et al. 2018). After an initial 10-20 min acclimation period, larvae were observed in still water for 5 min, and then four or five flow treatments were applied in random order with \u226510 min of no oscillation between successive treatments. Each treatment included a 10 min spin-up period for the flow to become stationary (statistically invariant in time) followed by 5\u201420 min of recording.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	54930
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-1060622
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1060622
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Snail larvae in turbulence and waves PIV observations of larval behavior in various flow tanks PI: Heidi Fuchs (Rutgers) Co-PIs: Gregory Gerbi (Skidmore), Elias Hunter (Rutgers), & Adam Christman (Rutgers) Version date: 12-July-2018
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2018-07-12T16:32:51Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2018-07-24T18:04:24Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.739873
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/739790
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description	String	Larval behavior and flow were observed simultaneously using near-infrared (IR) particle image velocimeter (IR PIV). The PIV system consisted of a 4 megapixel CCD camera (FlowSense, Dantec Dynamics) with a 100 mm lens (Tokina) and a pulsed diode laser (NanoPower 4W or 7W, 808 nm) with a ~2 mm beam width.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	739859
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	Measures 2D velocity flow fields, usually by scanning particles with a laser beam and capturing images of the illuminated particles.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	730832
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_supplied_name	String	near-infrared (IR) particle image velocimeter (IR PIV)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	acceleration, ang, axial, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, comp, data, dataset, direction, dissipation, dissipation_rate, dmo, erddap, file, file_name, flow, flow_tank, force, horizontal, horizontal_comp_of_vorticity, larval, larval_axial_rotation_ang, larval_propulsive_force, larval_stage, longitude, management, name, oceanography, office, preliminary, propulsion, propulsion_direction, propulsive, rate, rotation, species, stage, strain, strain_rate, tank, vorticity
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/739790/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/739790
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'739790': {}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/739790/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Heidi L. Fuchs
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	51324
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Adam J. Christman
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	739800
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Skidmore College
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Gregory P. Gerbi
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	51326
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_name	String	Elias J. Hunter
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_nid	String	739796
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_4_affiliation	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_4_person_name	String	Heidi L. Fuchs
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_4_person_nid	String	51324
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_4_role	String	Contact
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_4_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_5_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_5_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_5_person_name	String	Shannon Rauch
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_5_person_nid	String	51498
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_5_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_5_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Turbulence and Larval Behavior
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	Turbulence and Larval Behavior
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	This study will investigate how snail larvae from distinct habitats respond to fluid mechanical cues in turbulence and surface gravity waves. Turbulence and waves are common features of coastal flows and may provide larvae with behavior cues that aid transport toward specific flow regimes or habitats. Turbulence induces some mollusk larvae to sink more frequently, but the detection mechanism and the response to waves are unknown. Larvae may sense spatial velocity gradients (strain rate and vorticity) or acceleration. Larvalscale flows are affected differently by turbulence and waves, because turbulence can generate larger strain rates and vorticity but waves can generate larger accelerations. Larvae that sense multiple flow characteristics may be able to distinguish between turbulence-dominated coastal embayments and wave-dominated regions of the continental shelf. In this study, larval behaviors will be quantified in several devices that generate steady strain rates and vorticity, simple acceleration, homogeneous turbulence, and complex flow with turbulence plus waves. Data will be used to develop stochastic models of larval behavior as a function of hydrodynamics and to test hypotheses about ecological and size-based controls on behavior. The proposed research addresses several fundamental aspects of larval behavior and the ecological impacts of turbulence and waves: Novel approaches for insights on behavioral signaling: Two-phase infrared particle-image velocimetry techniques will be applied in multiple flow tanks to study effects of both turbulence and waves at the larval scale. Statistical protocols will be developed for converting behavior observations into empirical models, laying the groundwork for careful integration of more complex behaviors with physical circulation models. Results will identify the key fluid characteristics affecting behavior in species from intertidal and shelf habitats. Impact of waves on behavior: Many habitats are influenced or even dominated by waves, yet the potential for waves to provide a larval behavioral signal is unexplored. To our knowledge, this will be the first study of how larvae respond to the large accelerations present only in waves. Role of behavior in dispersal: Benthic recruitment variability arises partly from vagaries of dispersal that result from larval responses to the physical environment. Turbulence and waves vary spatially and also temporally due to stratification, water depth, tides, and winds. Small-scale symptoms of turbulence and waves could elicit larval behaviors that contribute to differences in dispersal trajectories. This study will describe larval responses to hydromechanical cues that ultimately could explain considerable uncertainty in dispersal and recruitment. Adaptation to physical environments: Shears and acceleration are potential behavior signals that could be enhanced or dampened by human impacts such as boating, shoreline modification, or increased storms. If behaviors are tuned to specific flow regimes, larvae may have difficulty adapting  to changing marine environments. This work will be instrumental in assessing the potential ecological impacts of changing physical processes on larval behavior and dispersal. In addition to the data contributed to BCO-DMO, addtional data resources include: 1. Particle image velocimetry data: Metadata for digital image data will be archived on the project web page hosted by Rutgers Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences. Image data will be made available on request after publication of results. The Rutgers library system is implementing a data archiving system, and project metadata will also be stored on that system when it becomes available. 2. Biological Data: Adult snails will be collected from the intertidal zone and from the continental shelf offshore of Tuckerton, New Jersey. Shelf samples will be collected by beam trawling from the R/V Arabella. Two 1-day cruises will be scheduled in 2012 or later. Snails will be cultured and used for spawning stock to produce larvae. Type specimens of all snails collected will be preserved in ethanol and stored at Rutgers. Metadata for snail collections will be posted on the project web page.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2016-03
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Coastal New Jersey
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Relative Influence of Turbulence and Waves on Larval Behavior
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	2146
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_website	String	https://marine.rutgers.edu/~hfuchs/Rutgers_site/Research/Entries/2010/12/17_Larval_responses_to_turbulence_and_waves.html
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2011-04
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Dispersing marine larvae can alter their physical transport by swimming vertically or sinking in response to environmental signals. However, it remains unknown whether any signals could enable larvae to navigate over large scales. We tested whether flow-induced larval behaviors vary with adults' physical environments using congeneric snail larvae from the wavy continental shelf (Tritia trivittata) and from turbulent inlets (Tritia obsoleta). This dataset includes observations of larvae in turbulence, in rotating flows dominated by vorticity or strain rates, and in rectilinear wave oscillations. Larval and water motion were observed using near-infrared particle image velocimetry (IR PIV), and analyses identified threshold signals causing larvae to change their direction or magnitude of propulsive force. The two species reacted similarly to turbulence but differently to waves, and their transport patterns would diverge in wavy, offshore regions. Wave-induced behaviors provide evidence that larvae may detect waves as both motions and sounds useful in navigation.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[Snail larvae in turbulence and waves] - Processed data from Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) observations of Tritia trivittata and Tritia obsoleta behavior in various flow tanks (Relative Influence of Turbulence and Waves on Larval Behavior)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	file_name		String
attribute	file_name	bcodmo_name	String	file_name
attribute	file_name	description	String	Original name of csv file
attribute	file_name	long_name	String	File Name
attribute	file_name	units	String	unitless
variable	larval_stage		String
attribute	larval_stage	bcodmo_name	String	stage
attribute	larval_stage	description	String	Larval stage: Precomp = precompetent larvae; Comp = competent larvae
attribute	larval_stage	long_name	String	Larval Stage
attribute	larval_stage	units	String	unitless
variable	species		String
attribute	species	bcodmo_name	String	species
attribute	species	description	String	Name of species: T_trivittata = Tritia trivittata; T_obsoleta = Tritia obsoleta
attribute	species	long_name	String	Species
attribute	species	units	String	unitless
variable	flow_tank		String
attribute	flow_tank	bcodmo_name	String	tank
attribute	flow_tank	description	String	Type of flow tank: turb = grid-stirred turbulence tank; couette = Couette device; rotate = rotating cylinder; accel = shaker flask
attribute	flow_tank	long_name	String	Flow Tank
attribute	flow_tank	units	String	unitless
variable	direction		String
attribute	direction	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	direction	description	String	Direction (axis of rotation for Couette device and rotating cylinder, direction of oscillation for shaker flask): H = horizontal; V: vertical
attribute	direction	long_name	String	Direction
attribute	direction	units	String	unitless
variable	x		float
attribute	x	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	x	actual_range	float	-3.4289, 5.4732
attribute	x	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	x	colorBarMaximum	double	180.0
attribute	x	colorBarMinimum	double	-180.0
attribute	x	description	String	x
attribute	x	long_name	String	Longitude
attribute	x	source_name	String	x
attribute	x	standard_name	String	longitude
attribute	x	units	String	centimeters (cm)
variable	z		float
attribute	z	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	z	actual_range	float	-4.8273, 4.9581
attribute	z	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	z	description	String	y
attribute	z	long_name	String	Z
attribute	z	units	String	centimeters (cm)
variable	uf		float
attribute	uf	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	uf	actual_range	float	-26.29, 25.567
attribute	uf	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	uf	description	String	uf
attribute	uf	long_name	String	Uf
attribute	uf	units	String	centimeters per second (cm/s)
variable	wf		float
attribute	wf	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	wf	actual_range	float	-26.575, 25.111
attribute	wf	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	wf	description	String	wf
attribute	wf	long_name	String	WF
attribute	wf	units	String	centimeters per second (cm/s)
variable	ub		float
attribute	ub	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	ub	actual_range	float	-2.9249, 2.9718
attribute	ub	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	ub	description	String	ub
attribute	ub	long_name	String	Ub
attribute	ub	units	String	centimeters per second (cm/s)
variable	wb		float
attribute	wb	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	wb	actual_range	float	-2.9937, 2.9753
attribute	wb	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	wb	description	String	wb
attribute	wb	long_name	String	WB
attribute	wb	units	String	centimeters per second (cm/s)
variable	larval_axial_rotation_ang		float
attribute	larval_axial_rotation_ang	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	larval_axial_rotation_ang	actual_range	float	-1.3194, 1.2691
attribute	larval_axial_rotation_ang	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	larval_axial_rotation_ang	description	String	Larval axial rotation angle
attribute	larval_axial_rotation_ang	long_name	String	Larval Axial Rotation Ang
attribute	larval_axial_rotation_ang	units	String	radians
variable	larval_propulsive_force		float
attribute	larval_propulsive_force	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	larval_propulsive_force	actual_range	float	1.4411E-11, 4.6773E-6
attribute	larval_propulsive_force	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	larval_propulsive_force	description	String	Larval propulsive force magnitude
attribute	larval_propulsive_force	long_name	String	Larval Propulsive Force
attribute	larval_propulsive_force	units	String	N
variable	propulsion_direction		float
attribute	propulsion_direction	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	propulsion_direction	actual_range	float	-3.1415, 3.1415
attribute	propulsion_direction	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	propulsion_direction	colorBarMaximum	double	360.0
attribute	propulsion_direction	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	propulsion_direction	description	String	Propulsion direction relative to larval axis
attribute	propulsion_direction	long_name	String	Propulsion Direction
attribute	propulsion_direction	units	String	radians
variable	dissipation_rate		float
attribute	dissipation_rate	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	dissipation_rate	actual_range	float	3.3069E-12, 0.014088
attribute	dissipation_rate	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	dissipation_rate	description	String	Dissipation rate at larval location
attribute	dissipation_rate	long_name	String	Dissipation Rate
attribute	dissipation_rate	units	String	m^2 s^-3
variable	horizontal_comp_of_vorticity		float
attribute	horizontal_comp_of_vorticity	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	horizontal_comp_of_vorticity	actual_range	float	-55.591, 28.977
attribute	horizontal_comp_of_vorticity	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	horizontal_comp_of_vorticity	description	String	horizontal component of vorticity at larval location
attribute	horizontal_comp_of_vorticity	long_name	String	Horizontal Comp Of Vorticity
attribute	horizontal_comp_of_vorticity	units	String	s^-1
variable	acceleration		float
attribute	acceleration	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	acceleration	actual_range	float	4.7452E-6, 6.9628
attribute	acceleration	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	acceleration	description	String	acceleration at larval location
attribute	acceleration	long_name	String	Acceleration
attribute	acceleration	units	String	meters per second (m s^-2)
variable	strain_rate		float
attribute	strain_rate	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	strain_rate	actual_range	float	-16.646, 27.892
attribute	strain_rate	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	strain_rate	description	String	strain rate at larval location
attribute	strain_rate	long_name	String	Strain Rate
attribute	strain_rate	units	String	s^-1

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.